Why do malignant tumors occur? Although we often hear the word “tumor”, why does it happen? I’m afraid most people don’t know much about it. In order to prevent tumors, we must first clarify this question. Tumor occurrence is actually an extremely complex process, and it is widely believed in the medical field that it may be the result of the co-regulation of genes and genes, genes and environment. Genes are DNA or RNA sequences that carry hereditary information, also known as genetic factors, and are the basic hereditary units that control traits. Genes express the genetic information they carry by directing the synthesis of proteins that control the expression of traits in individual organisms. In terms of genes: there are two types of genes in people, oncogenes and oncogenes. Normally, oncogenes stimulate normal cell growth, but when they are mutated, they will continue to stimulate cell growth despite not receiving a growth signal, leading to cell cancer. Oncogenes, on the other hand, are a class of genes that inhibit excessive cell growth, and their loss may also lead to tumorigenesis. From the environmental aspect: there are always carcinogenic factors around us that can induce normal cell carcinogenesis, including chemical factors (benzo(a)pyrene), physical factors (radiation) and biological factors (viruses). There are also substances, which cannot be relied upon to cause tumors by their individual actions, but which promote the induction of tumors by other oncogenic factors, and are therefore called pro-carcinogenic factors. The discovery of oncogenic and pro-carcinogenic factors is of great significance to people’s understanding of the mechanism of tumorigenesis as well as the development of tumor prevention. Ovarian cancer cells can secrete large amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which induces the formation of new blood vessels around them. If we can inhibit the production of VEGF by cancer cells, it is equivalent to blocking the generation of blood vessels from the source. And hydrogen peroxide plays a very important role in the production of VEGF by ovarian cancer cells. As long as the level of this carcinogenic factor in the body is reduced, the amount of VEGF produced by the cells will be reduced accordingly, and the generation of blood vessels in ovarian cancer will be curbed. Therefore, if we know why tumors occur, we can find a way to prevent them. Preventive research constructs a three-level network The fear of cancer makes many people think that tumors are not curable or preventable, but in fact, they are not. The three-level tumor prevention strategy adopted by the current medical profession is very effective: primary prevention, also known as etiological prevention. Primary prevention, also known as etiological prevention, is mainly aimed at taking preventive measures against various chemical, physical, biological and other cancer-causing and cancer-promoting factors as well as internal and external disease-causing conditions, and taking measures against the healthy organism by strengthening environmental protection, appropriate diet, suitable sports, and enhancing physical and mental health, so as to prevent the occurrence of tumors. For individuals, this stage is crucial. From the perspective of public health, good primary prevention can effectively reduce the incidence of tumors. Secondary prevention, also known as preclinical prevention or “three early” prevention. At this stage, the tumor has already occurred, and what people need to do is to prevent the development of the primary disease. A large number of animal experiments and clinical facts have proved that the occurrence and development of malignant tumors have certain rules and processes, and it is a long and winding evolutionary process for a person from the beginning of contacting cancer-causing factors to the death of a person; from the clinical point of view, the secondary prevention should be the top priority of the three stages of tumor prevention, because the etiology of tumors is generally formed by the combined effect of multiple factors, and for a certain kind of tumor, it is expected that early detection, early diagnosis, and then early prevention should be the key to prevent the development of tumor. For certain tumors, people expect early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, so as to kill the tumor in the cradle. Research shows that 80%-90% of patients can be cured with early treatment. Therefore, medical institutions should change the traditional concept of focusing on treatment but not prevention, and should go into the community and take the approach of combining with the community to carry out health screening, which is conducive to the discovery of some early tumors and pre-cancerous lesions, as well as combining with the community to monitor susceptible populations and establish health records. Tertiary prevention, also known as clinical prevention or rehabilitative prevention. At this stage, the individual has been diagnosed with tumor, and the goal of doctors is to prevent further deterioration of the disease, prevent disability, and improve the patient’s quality of life. Doctors need to correctly choose the reasonable or even the best diagnostic and treatment plan in order to extinguish the cancer as early as possible, try their best to restore the function, promote rehabilitation and prolong the patient’s life. Micro-prevention has become a research hotspot With the progress of science and technology, people’s prevention of tumors is gradually deepening to the micro from the macro level such as environmental factors, and the prevention of tumors from the genetic point of view is the hotspot of research now. For example, the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, some smokers will suffer from lung cancer, and some of them do not suffer from lung cancer, which indicates that there are susceptibility factors in the individual, and the chances of individuals suffering from tumors are different under the conditions of exposure to the same risk factors. The study of tumor susceptibility is to find out what determines this phenomenon. On the other hand, although genes play an important role in tumorigenesis, one cannot ignore the role of the environment. Because when environmental factors activate cancer-causing genes, it will lead to the occurrence of tumors, so it is also crucial to develop good living habits. The World Health Organization has put forward five recommendations for cancer prevention through reasonable living habits: avoiding animal fats, increasing crude fiber, reducing meat, increasing fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoiding obesity. For everyone, cancer prevention should start from every day of life, develop good dietary habits, balanced nutrition, strengthen exercise and reasonable weight control, and the occurrence of tumor will be greatly reduced. For most tumor patients, surgery is still the most important treatment. Gene therapy is an emerging means of tumor treatment. Since tumor is a disease with the combined effect of multiple genes, regulating the gene expression process of cells from the gene level is an ideal means of treating tumors. It is foreseeable that gene therapy will have a bright future.