Lower extremity atherosclerosis-occlusive disease is a group of symptoms caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lower extremities, resulting in narrowing and occlusion of the arteries in the lower extremities, which in turn leads to chronic ischemia in the extremities, resulting in muscle pain mainly in the lower extremities. With the improvement of the overall living standard of the society and the aging of the population, the incidence of lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease is increasing year by year. I. Etiology Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercoagulability, increased blood adhesion and advanced age are the risk factors for lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease. Among them, smoking and diabetes are the most harmful, both of which can increase the incidence of peripheral arterial disease by 3 to 4 times, with a higher risk of combined presence. Next is hyperlipidemia, especially elevated LDL cholesterol, which is closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis in multiple parts of the body. Timely detection and control of risk factors leading to atherosclerosis can slow down the process of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Clinical manifestations Most commonly seen in middle-aged and elderly people, often accompanied by smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other risk factors. The presence or absence and severity of lower extremity atherosclerosis symptoms are influenced by various factors such as the speed of lesion progression, the number of collateral circulation, and the tolerance of the individual. Symptoms generally develop gradually from mild to severe, but the secondary acute thrombosis on top of atherosclerosis-occlusive disease can lead to a sudden increase in symptoms. In the early stage, there may be no obvious symptoms or only mild discomfort, such as chills and chills. Later, intermittent claudication gradually appears, which is a characteristic symptom of lower extremity atherosclerosis-occlusive disease. After walking for a certain distance, the fatigue and soreness of the affected limbs appear, forcing them to rest for a period of time; after resting, the symptoms may be completely relieved, and after walking again, the symptoms recur, and the distance and resting time of each walk are generally fixed; in addition, the location of the soreness correlates with the location of the vascular lesion. With further development of the lesion, resting pain appears, i.e., pain in the extremity exists when the patient is at rest and tends to occur when lying down and resting at night. Ulceration and gangrene may eventually develop in the limb, mostly induced by minor extremity injury. Treatment 1. General treatment Arteriosclerosis is a systemic disease and should be viewed and treated as a whole, including control of blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, strict cessation of smoking, etc., and active diagnosis and treatment of possible concomitant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Under the guidance of doctors, exercise should be strengthened to promote the formation of collateral circulation; and attention should be paid to foot care to avoid skin breakage and burns, etc. Drug therapy for lower extremity atherosclerosis occlusive disease is mainly used for early and middle stage patients, or as an adjunct to surgery and interventional treatment. Commonly used drugs include: antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.; drugs for vasodilation and promoting the formation of collateral circulation, such as cilostazol, Ambulac and prostaglandins, etc. 2.Surgical treatment The purpose is to reconstruct the arterial blood flow channel and improve the blood supply to the limb. Indications for surgery include: severe intermittent claudication, resting pain, ulceration or gangrene. The choice of surgical plan should take into account the site, scope and degree of vascular lesion, outflow tract and the patient’s physical ability. (1) Arterial bypass surgery: artificial vessels or autologous saphenous veins are used to establish a bypass between the proximal and distal normal vessels of the occluded vessel, divided into anatomical internal bypass and anatomical external bypass. The intra-anatomic bypass is constructed in the direction of the original normal arterial blood flow, which is consistent with the normal physiological structure of the human body and is the preferred method; the extra-anatomic bypass is suitable for patients who cannot tolerate the operation and for patients with infection in the travel area of the intra-anatomic bypass. (2) Endarterectomy: Applicable to patients with short-segment main or iliac stenosis or occlusion. Due to the development of endoluminal treatment techniques, it is now less commonly used and is mostly used as an adjunct to arterial bypass to facilitate the construction of a good anastomosis. (3) Percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty and stent implantation: It is a minimally invasive treatment method with low surgical risk and fast recovery. This method is performed through arterial puncture, delivering a balloon catheter to the site of arterial stenosis or occlusion, dilating and reconstructing the arterial lumen, and combining it with the use of endoluminal stents to obtain better clinical results. In the past, this technique was only applied to short-segment lesions, but with advances in technology, it can now be successfully opened for long-segment occlusive lesions as well. It is currently the first-line treatment of choice. Prevention The prevention of this disease mainly lies in strict control of the risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as strict monitoring, control of blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, and strict cessation of smoking, which can slow down the process of atherosclerosis, reduce the incidence of lower limb arterial sclerosis, and prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events. 1.Patients should be monitored more closely: timely detection and diagnosis of possible arterial stenosis and occlusive lesions. 2, early strengthening of exercise, strict medication: and strengthen foot care, avoid skin breaks and trauma, etc., to prevent aggravation of the disease. 3.Patients after surgery should still insist on prevention: to prevent restenosis of blood vessels at the surgical site and lesions of arteries in other parts of the body