How to detect colorectal cancer early With the improvement of people’s living standard, the incidence of colorectal cancer in China has a tendency to increase, but it is a disease of digestive tract, often misdiagnosed, missed or delayed with indigestion, gastroenteritis, or chronic colitis, hemorrhoids, anal fistula, etc. Therefore, if you find the following conditions, please go to the general surgery department of a larger hospital in a timely manner, and you can request for relevant examinations.
I. Changes in stool characteristics and habits.
1. Blood in the stool.
2. Pus and mucus stools.
3, change in stool habit: change in stool habit includes constipation, diarrhea or alternating between the two, incomplete defecation, difficult defecation, etc.
4.Shape change of stool: When anal tumor grows to a certain size, the shape of stool often changes, which is manifested as thin and deformed stool.
Abdominal pain and abdominal discomfort: these are common symptoms of anorectal tumor and the reasons are as follows.
①Tumor local invasion;
② Intestinal irritation caused by tumor;
③ Intestinal obstruction and perforation caused by tumor.
Abdominal masses.
Acute and chronic intestinal obstruction: When the tumor grows to a certain size, it can block the intestinal lumen causing complete or incomplete obstruction symptoms. Characteristically, it is often progressively aggravated and difficult to be relieved by non-surgical methods.
V. Chronic wasting manifestations: As the disease progresses, patients can develop unexplained chronic wasting manifestations, such as anemia, emaciation, weakness, etc.
VI. Acute colon perforation and peritonitis manifestations.
Seven, clinical manifestations caused by tumor metastasis.
1.Symptoms caused by local infiltration of tumor: soreness and pain in the lumbar and sacral areas, swelling and falling sensation; sciatic nerve and occlusal neuralgia; vaginal bleeding and hematuria, urinary closure and uremia when tumor involves both ureters. Lower limb edema, etc.
2.Symptoms caused by tumor blood channel dissemination: the most common sites of metastasis are liver, lung and bone, and the corresponding symptoms can appear clinically.
3.Clinical symptoms caused by implantation dissemination: chronic abdominal pain, ascites, etc.
4.Clinical symptoms caused by lymphatic tract metastasis: enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.
The following examinations may be requested in case of the above.
Rectal examination is the main examination method because most of the colorectal cancers occur in the rectum and sigmoid colon. In rectal cancer, 75% of the masses can be detected by rectal finger examination. It is recommended that people over 40 years old and patients with chronic diarrhea, constipation and hemorrhoids should be examined once a year, especially those who have abnormal bowel habits such as blood in stool, frequent stools, mucus in stool, and heavy back and forth should have rectal examination.
Secondly, fecal occult blood test is simple, easy and inexpensive, and it should be examined once a year for people over 40 years old, and it can be used as a preliminary screening method for mass screening of colorectal cancer. If it is positive, further fiberoptic colonoscopy will be performed. Stool occult blood test can also detect gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, colorectal polyps and other gastrointestinal disorders.
Third, sigmoid colon examination from 50 years old for the first time if possible. Anyone who has blood in stool or change in stool habit and no abnormal finding by rectal finger examination should routinely undergo fiberoptic colonoscopy. If the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is confirmed, it is not terrible. Early stage patients can be cured if they have correct treatment.