Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that, thanks to advances in medical science, is a completely curable disease. However, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis plagues people’s lives. And what is multidrug-resistant TB? Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, as the name implies, is tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the most serious of all tuberculosis diseases. Why does multidrug-resistant TB develop? How does multidrug-resistant TB arise? The principles of tuberculosis treatment are: “early, combined, appropriate, regular and complete”. As long as patients take regular medication under the guidance of a doctor and adhere to the course of treatment, more than 95 percent of patients are cured. So, why does multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occur? There are many reasons. On the patient’s side, some patients often do not pay enough attention to the symptoms because they are not comfortable at the beginning of the disease and do not go to the hospital in time to see a doctor, or they do not insist on taking medication on time after seeing a doctor, or they do not have money to buy medication due to financial constraints. On the other hand, because TB treatment requires a combination of multiple drugs and takes up to 6 to 9 months, it is often difficult for patients to adhere to them, or patients do not understand the importance of long-term treatment and stop taking the drugs on their own, making it difficult to cure TB, and these are the causes of multidrug-resistant TB. How does multidrug-resistant tuberculosis arise? Scientists have discovered over time that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a very viable bacterium. It can survive for 1 to 2 years in a humid natural environment, and it can survive indefinitely in the human environment with enough oxygen and nutrients. It is in different living states in the human body, active, dormant, semi-dormant, and sometimes active and sometimes dormant. When the anti-tuberculosis drug enters the body, the active bacillus absorbs the most and dies first; the dormant bacillus is unharmed; the semi-dormant bacillus is slightly damaged; the semi-active and semi-dormant bacillus may be somewhat damaged. In order to effectively kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we often use a combination of three to four of these drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin, and sodium para-aminosalicylate, for the intensive and consolidation periods. The full course of treatment is 6 to 9 months. If a patient takes medication intermittently or changes medication irregularly during the course of treatment, resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may occur, and if it is resistant to multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs, it becomes multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. It has been said that multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the cancer of the 21st century, which is somewhat sensational, but it is indeed very difficult to treat clinically. Once multidrug-resistant TB is diagnosed, the treatment course is extended to 18 to 24 months. Before the 1990s, less than 5% of new cases of tuberculosis involved drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and since the 1990s, the incidence of drug resistance has been increasing year by year, showing a decrease in single-drug resistance and an increase in multidrug resistance, with outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurring in the United States and Thailand. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China is also very serious. It is estimated that 50 million people in the world today carry multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and about 2/3 of tuberculosis patients are at risk of developing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and the combination of tuberculosis and AIDS has accelerated the occurrence and spread of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) published data on tuberculosis drug resistance testing in 38 countries and regions around the world, and China is the second most affected of the 27 multidrug-resistant countries in the world. The worldwide increase in multidrug-resistant TB is a serious threat to the implementation of TB control planning. In recent years, the incidence of multidrug-resistant TB has been on the rise. And the low cure rate and high mortality rate of multidrug-resistant TB have caused great concern worldwide. How to reduce the production of multidrug-resistant TB, how to cut off the transmission route of multidrug-resistant TB, and improve the cure rate of multidrug-resistant TB are exactly the problems we have to solve today. 1, patients suffering from tuberculosis, under the guidance of specialists, “early, combined, appropriate, regular, full” treatment, so that their bodies recover, to avoid the emergence of drug resistance, and no harm to healthy people. Patients who are already suffering from drug-resistant or multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis should actively cooperate with the specialist for anti-tuberculosis treatment. They must have confidence, perseverance and overcome many difficulties. Doctors will also use comprehensive treatment to help patients overcome the disease. Curing such a patient is the same as removing the source of infection and protecting the healthy population. 3. Scientists are speeding up research on anti-tuberculosis drugs in the hope that new drugs will kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and save the lives of tuberculosis patients. It is hoped that the whole society will pay enough attention to TB, especially the patients with TB in the course of treatment should pay attention to the regular use of drugs under the guidance of physicians, and patients with multi-drug resistant TB should pay more attention and pay more attention to their own conditions, cooperate with doctors for regular treatment, in order to recover as soon as possible.