1, “junk DNA” is the master of the human genome is 98% of the genes are not coded, they were previously treated as useless “junk”. Today, it has been discovered that these neglected “junk” are of great use. In fact, they are the real genetic controllers and metabolic switches! They regulate when and how genes function and how efficiently different proteins are produced. Without them, genes would be a jumble of words that don’t fit into a sentence. Scientists are exploring this newfound treasure trove of biological information in an effort to find genetic switches that can control, or even cure, certain diseases. 2, the human microbe has a “big role” in the human body is the most components of what? Cells? Genes? No, it’s microbes! Recently, researchers have just completed the first phase of the Human Microbiome Project, which aims to provide the broadest understanding of the types and roles of microbes in the human body. Most microbes are friends of humans, such as helping people digest food or enhancing immune system function. But as research progresses, scientists are discovering that microbes in the body also play a key role in many chronic diseases and conditions, such as inflammation and obesity. They are not just annoying intruders, but can even help us overcome some of the most difficult health problems. 3, anti-HIV drugs “the whole package” “Truvada” (Truvada) has become a powerful weapon in the fight against AIDS (HIV), it combines two antiviral drugs. And now it is furthermore the first drug to prevent HIV infection in healthy people. It has been shown in basic trials to reduce the risk of HIV infection in uninfected people. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded Truvada’s approval to include people at high risk of HIV infection. Studies have shown that high-risk gay men and their HIV-positive partners have reduced their risk of infection by 42 to 75 percent with the drug. But while there are concerns that the drug may lead to an increase in high-risk behaviors such as unprotected sex, public health experts welcome this new approach to fighting HIV – preventing infection from happening from the first step. 4, body parts “lab-made” trachea and kidney or liver are not part of the regular transplant organs. But through stem cell technology, it is possible to grow your own trachea for patients who need it. The Karolinska Institute, for one, created an artificial trachea using synthetic microfibers and stem cells harvested from a patient’s bone marrow, and successfully connected the nose, mouth and lungs of a patient whose trachea was destroyed by cancer. In the first case, a deceased person donated the trachea to provide a scaffold for the growth of stem cells from a Spanish woman. And in the latest advance, scientists used bioengineered matrices to grow the cells. This technology represents the future of regenerative medicine, where all types of stem cells, including those from a patient’s own skin, can be used as the basis for growing any type of cell or tissue for patient replacement or repair. 5, there is “new hope” for reversing autism, researchers say, early behavioral therapy can help restore normal brain patterns in children with autism. Children with autism spectrum disorders who participate in the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) program have seen changes in the way their brains process faces and other objects. This is certainly exciting news for parents of children with autism. The model includes a large number of social and language activities relevant to children. Typically, children with autism have a more active brain when viewing images of inanimate objects such as toys than when seeing images of people, but after two years of ESDM treatment, the opposite change occurred and approached that of a normally developing child. But well-trained teachers are also key to the success of the program. 6. DNA analysis “breaks the ice” of breast cancer Breast cancer is undoubtedly a complex disease, caused by a variety of factors such as genetics and lifestyle. But researchers have discovered through the latest DNA analysis of breast tumors that breast cancer may be slightly simpler than originally thought. The Cancer Genome Atlas project, which sequenced the genomes of dozens of cancers, found 30,000 mutations in 510 breast tumor samples, but all of these mutations could be grouped into four major subtypes. One of these subtypes shows a strong association with ovarian cancer, implying that treatment of the latter approach may also help in the treatment of breast cancer; another subtype explains the individual differences in efficacy of certain drugs, such as Herceptin, in women with HER-2 receptor tumors. These results will change the way doctors treat breast cancer, sometimes even the difference between survival and incurable disease. 7, newborn DNA diagnosis “speed up” 50 hours, this is the current time required to decipher and decode a newborn’s genome, which used to take weeks or even months. For a seriously ill infant, two days is the difference between life and death. This rapid genomic analysis technology also incorporates a new software that connects to 3,500 known genetic defects in childhood diseases, allowing doctors to make quick decisions about which methods to use to save babies’ lives. 8, decoding the genes of childhood tumors In recent years, pediatric cancer survival rates have increased to 80 to 90 percent, although much of this is due to early diagnosis of tumors, as well as a number of proven treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. 9, artificial mouse egg cells Stem cells have performed many seemingly impossible biomedical miracles: treating diabetes, helping paralyzed patients walk again, repairing damaged heart tissue, and more. But even for stem cells, it is a huge challenge to regenerate the most essential components of life – eggs and sperm. Japanese scientists used two types of stem cells from mice, one harvested from embryos just a few days old and the other from reprogrammed adult mouse skin cells, to successfully create viable egg cells, and then successfully fertilized these stem cell-derived egg cells and developed them into healthy pups, whose stem cells were also tested for regenerative capacity. The results represent a breakthrough and are expected to provide new treatments for human couples suffering from infertility. 10, the virus “to destroy” acne Sometimes, “fight fire with fire” is a good way, and now doctors are beginning to use this method to deal with acne. They use a relatively “soft” virus to fight the bacteria that cause skin rashes. In fact, this virus is already present deep in the pores of the skin, and they have the ability to infect bacterial cells, so all they have to do is turn it into a “virus manufacturing plant”, increase the number of viruses, and then wait for the bacteria to destroy itself.