Urticaria is a limited edematous reaction due to reactive dilation and increased permeability of small blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes. According to the short duration of the disease, urticaria is divided into acute (duration ≤ 6 weeks) and chronic (duration ≥ 6 weeks) urticaria.
I. Etiology.
1, food: mainly including animal proteins (fish, shrimp, crab, meat, milk and eggs, etc.), plants (mushrooms, cocoa and onions and garlic, etc.) and certain food additives, etc.
2, inhalants: house dust, aerosols and volatile chemicals, etc.
3.Infection: various viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections and parasitic infections.
4, visceral and systemic diseases: rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, malignant tumors, endocrine disorders, etc.
5.Physical factors: cold, heat, sunlight, friction and pressure, etc.
6.Spiritual factors: mental tension.
II. Treatment
Remove the known possible triggers to reduce the symptoms. Patients are advised to abstain from alcohol, avoid spicy food, and do not take drugs such as aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at will.
(i) Antihistamines.
1, H1 receptor antagonists: such as cetirizine, loratadine, etc.
2, H2 receptor antagonists: such as cimetidine, famotidine, etc.
(B), tricyclic antidepressants (Doxepin hydrochloride).
For patients with chronic urticaria and urticaria with psychiatric factors that cannot be controlled by conventional antihistamines.
(iii), oral glucocorticoids.
Used for refractory cases with poor efficacy after combined treatment with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, such as: prednisone, etc.
(iv) Immunotherapy: for autoimmune disease mediated refractory chronic urticaria, such as methotrexate, etc.
(e) Other: vitamin C, calcium and antibiotics, etc.
(6), Chinese medicine: Lei Gong Tang, Yu Ping Feng San and Fang Feng Tong Sheng Wan, etc.