Pulmonary alveoli are generally not self-healing, and there are no specific drugs available for their treatment; surgery is the only effective treatment for pulmonary alveoli. Congenital alveoli as well as some of the acquired alveoli, such as smaller, limited, and small number of alveoli, mostly do not cause clinical symptoms and usually do not require treatment. In the case of pulmonary alveoli caused by inflammation, emphysema and other lesions, if the underlying disease is not controlled, the alveoli may increase in size until they diffuse throughout the lungs, followed by symptoms of dyspnea, cough and chest tightness, and surgery is the only treatment method. A pulmonary alveolus that is larger than 1/3 of the chest cavity is called a giant alveolus, which may form a large pressure on the surrounding tissues and even pose a threat to life, and this condition should be treated by surgery as soon as possible. It is also important to pay attention to maintenance after surgery and take antibiotics to consolidate the condition to avoid recurrence. Patients are advised to eat more high-quality protein and foods high in vitamins and to adhere to follow-up appointments. In case of discomfort caused by pulmonary alveoli, the patient should be treated promptly at the hospital.