Many people in life have this question: How can cancer be found all of a sudden when someone has been having medical checkups year after year and there has been no problem? In fact, general health checkups are different from cancer prevention checkups. There are several “risk areas” of the body where tumors are highly prevalent, how should physical examination be conducted to detect the traces of “tumor king” as early as possible? Prevention of lung cancer: it is best to have annual CT checkups for high-risk groups of smokers Lung cancer is the number one cancer in men. In recent years, the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer have increased significantly, and the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in men occupy the first place in malignant tumors. Statistics show that more than 90% of lung cancer patients are smokers. 45 years old or above; those who have a long-term smoking history, especially those who are more addicted to smoking; those who work in a confined environment for a long time or in an environment with more dust particles for a long time; those who have a family history of lung cancer; those who have chronic lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis, should be examined annually. Examination methods: Early diagnosis of lung cancer can greatly improve the five-year survival rate of cancer. Many people choose chest X-ray, i.e. chest X-ray. Although this method is cheap, it is not as accurate as CT. CT is 10 times more capable of detecting small nodules in the lungs than ordinary X-ray chest films. Since the 1990s, low-dose spiral CT has been used internationally to screen for early lung cancer. After years of international clinical trial data, this method has proven to be the best means to detect early lung cancer at present. In addition, tumor marker examination and sputum cytology examination can also be performed. If abnormalities are found in sputum cytology examination and negative X-ray examination, bronchoscopy should be performed. Prevention of breast cancer: late childbearing and not breastfeeding people are at higher risk Breast cancer is the number one cancer in women, and its incidence is on the rise and younger. Those who have “breast enlargement” for many years and have obvious changes; those who have family history of breast cancer; those who have repeated abortions; those who take contraceptive pills for a long time, often use hormonal drugs or cosmetics; those who are infertile after marriage, or whose age of first birth is older than 35; those whose age of menarche is earlier than 13 or whose age of menopause is older than 50; those who are not breastfeeding or breastfeeding for too long; those who are mentally Women who are depressed, stressed, etc. should be examined annually. How to check: First of all, you can conduct a breast self-examination by searching the breast, armpit and clavicle fossa clockwise by tapping with the middle and index fingers to check if there is a lump. Hospital examinations include: doctor’s palpation; tumor marker examination; imaging examination. Among them, women under 40 years old are recommended to have an annual ultrasound examination, whose accuracy rate is about 80%-85%; women over 40 years old can receive regular mammogram examination; some women with family history of the disease can also choose MRI examination. Gastrointestinal cancer prevention: annual endoscopy for ulcers and polyps High-risk groups The incidence of stomach and intestinal cancer ranks in the top five of all cancers. The high-risk groups mainly include: those who have been infected with Helicobacter pylori; men, especially those who exceed the normal weight of 20-25 kg; those who often eat foods such as salted and pickled vegetables or smoked meat and fish; those who smoke and drink heavily; those who have undergone stomach surgery and suffer from gastric polyps; family tumor diseases, family history of gastric cancer, etc. Examination methods: The examination methods of gastric cancer include barium meal, the accuracy rate of which is nearly 80%. Gastroscopy is the most direct, accurate and effective diagnostic method to diagnose gastric cancer. In addition, tumor marker test and H. pylori test are also available. Bowel cancer examination also includes colonoscopy and rectal finger examination, among which finger examination is a very effective but easily resisted examination, and it is recommended that high-risk people should not avoid it. After the initial examination, if there is no ulcer or tumor in the stomach and no polyp in the large intestine, the examination can be stopped within 5 years; if there is ulcer or polyp, it is recommended to check once a year afterwards. Prevention of gynecological cancer: all women after marriage should be checked for high-risk groups Women with unclean sex, women who have had sexually transmitted diseases, women with HPV virus and women with multiple pregnancies and premature births, and women who smoke are high-risk groups for gynecological cancer. Among them, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer are the more common gynecological tumors. There are about 130,000 new cases of cervical cancer in China every year. Examination method: cervical screening, commonly used is TCT examination, which has a detection rate of basically 100%, and can also detect precancerous lesions and microbial infections. Also, women after marriage (after first intercourse) are recommended to have annual HPV screening, which refers to human papillomavirus, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. There is also an exfoliative cytology test, etc. The liver, bile, pancreas, spleen and kidney in the human abdominal cavity, as well as the uterine adnexa in women and the prostate in men, are all areas with a high incidence of tumors, and most of them can be detected early through ultrasound. Among them, the incidence of liver cancer is relatively high. Hepatitis B virus carriers, cirrhotic patients, long-term alcoholics and people with mildly elevated fetoprotein are all high-risk groups for liver cancer. Screening method: It is recommended that people over 30 years old should have abdominal ultrasound examination once a year, and those over 50 years old can have it twice a year. In addition, patients suffering from liver cancer and other diseases can also choose MRI examination under the guidance of doctors. Lymphoma prevention: find swollen lymph nodes and hurry to check the high-risk group It seems that lymphoma is more prevalent in young and middle-aged people, and it is similar to many malignant tumors, which can be classified as lifestyle diseases. Many small details in life may lead to the occurrence of lymphoma, such as irregular living habits, long-term strain and excessive stress, which can greatly increase the risk of developing lymphoma. Therefore, people with long-term stress, fatigue, irregular work and diet, and family history of tumor should pay attention to prevention. How to check: First of all, self-examination will reveal whether there are swollen lymph nodes. If there is, there is no need to panic, as some enlargement is not related to cancer, and further diagnosis should be made in hospital in time. The tests for lymphoma diagnosis include blood routine, blood sedimentation, bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and liver and kidney function, etc.