Precautions in the early postoperative phase:
- Diet: Adequate daily intake of water, recommended to be no less than 2000 ml. Adequate daily protein intake, 60-80 g/day, is recommended. Get enough vitamins and trace elements, twice the daily requirement. The diet should be low-sugar, low-fat, and caffeine-free, and solid foods should be added gradually over 3 months postoperatively until normal eating resumes, chewing slowly at meals and stopping eating as soon as you feel full.
- Medication: Monitor blood glucose frequently. Many patients have a reduced need for hypoglycemic drugs after bariatric surgery and should reduce the dosage in a timely manner, otherwise hypoglycemia can occur. Drugs that promote insulin secretion should be discontinued after surgery, as they can cause hypoglycemia. Metformin is the safest oral drug to take in the postoperative phase without causing dramatic fluctuations in blood glucose, and can be taken in liquid form or crushed.
What are the precautions for long-term living:
- Regular follow-up and monitoring are key to ensuring postoperative outcomes, including monitoring for improvement in metabolic markers and for various nutrient deficiencies. Most patients are glycemic controlled at 3 to 12 months postoperatively, and approximately 1 in 3 patients will experience a recurrence of diabetes within 5 years. Therefore, long-term follow-up and diabetes monitoring are required after surgery.
- In severely obese patients, serum creatine kinase levels and urine output are monitored to rule out rhabdomyolysis.
-
Females of childbearing age should avoid pregnancy for 1 year after surgery. Whenever pregnancy occurs after surgery, maternal vitamin and micronutrient levels should be closely monitored to ensure fetal health.
- In addition, moderate aerobic exercise is recommended, with a minimum of 150 minutes per week and a goal of 300 minutes per week.