Etiology
ITP is a bleeding disorder of unknown origin that causes peripheral thrombocytopenia and bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes, and even internal organs. It is closely related to immune factors, splenic factors, capillary factors, and abnormal platelet function.
Presentation
The onset of the disease is rapid, mainly spontaneous bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes; most of them are scattered pinpoint-sized bleeding spots, but also large petechiae, mostly on the extremities. More than half of the children have epistaxis and gingival bleeding. There is a history of upper respiratory tract infection or viral infection one to two weeks before the onset of the disease. The disease is self-limiting and may become chronic in a few cases.
Treatment
1.General treatment, prevent all kinds of trauma, avoid the use of drugs that may cause thrombocytopenia.
2.Glucocorticoid, such as dexamethasone, prednisone.
3.Splenectomy.
4, immunosuppressive therapy Commonly used cyclophosphamide, vincristine.
Key education
1.Diet Eat light, easily digestible, less stimulating, non-crumbly food, and fasting when there is gastrointestinal bleeding.
2.Activities Bed rest in acute attack, absolute bed rest in severe bleeding.
3.Review time and indications Check platelet count 1~2 weeks after discharge and continue for 6 months to more than 1 year.
Special instructions
1.Do not blow your nose forcefully and brush your teeth with a soft-bristled toothbrush.
2.Avoid body extrusion and trauma during activities, and apply local pressure for 5~7 minutes after various puncture examinations.
3.Underwear should be soft, wide and comfortable, take a bath often, keep the skin clean and cut nails regularly.
4.Keep the bowel movement smooth, eat more vegetables and bananas.
5, pay attention to the color and nature of stool, skin purpura and petechiae.
6, pay attention to the prevention of infection, avoid cold and flu.
7, corticosteroids, can not stop sucking on their own, under the guidance of the doctor to gradually reduce the amount of discontinuation of drugs.