Most children with epilepsy do not affect their intelligence, and only a minority of children with epilepsy are below normal. There are many factors that affect the intelligence of children with epilepsy, the first of which is related to the etiology of the epilepsy. Different types of epilepsy have different effects on intelligence. Primary epilepsy such as athetoid epilepsy and benign partial epilepsy in children often have little effect on intelligence. Infantile spasms, a type of epilepsy in which more than 90% of epilepsy has mental retardation. The frequency of seizures also has an effect on intelligence, with the more frequent the seizures, the greater the incidence of mental retardation. Some studies have shown that in pediatric epilepsy, if the average number of seizures per year is less than 11, mental retardation is only 28%; in children with epilepsy who have seizures every day, mental retardation is as high as 76%. There is also a close relationship between age of onset and intellectual development, with the younger the age of onset, the greater the impact on intelligence. The side effects of a large number of long-term antiepileptic drugs may affect the patient’s intelligence, but correct and reasonable antiepileptic treatment does not have a significant effect on intelligence. If seizures can be controlled or reduced quickly after treatment of pediatric epilepsy, the development of intelligence can often be improved as well.