Gastrointestinal reactions are one of the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy, with 75% of patients experiencing nausea and vomiting, accompanied by a feeling of peripheral discomfort. What to eat during chemotherapy is also a common concern for patients and their families. Patients and their families would like to have food to make their bodies “tonic”, but after all, food is not a “stimulant”, and improving patients’ health is not something that can be done overnight. However, we should try to improve the nutritional status and mental state of patients through a reasonable diet. The individual differences of chemotherapy patients make it difficult to have a suitable diet plan for all patients. However, the overall principle should be clean, light and non-greasy, with rich and varied recipes rich in high protein, vitamins and trace elements to achieve a comprehensive nutritional standard. In addition, during chemotherapy, patients should drink moderate amounts of water, should not consume spicy and stimulating foods, should not eat raw and cold foods, and should abstain from alcohol.
The gastrointestinal response of patients is affected by individual quality, and the tolerance of adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy patients is different. Some accompanying conditions also affect the gastrointestinal response of patients, such as oral mucositis, constipation, and receiving elimination WHO nausea and vomiting grading standards The degree of nausea and vomiting of patients varies, and the situation of being able to eat varies. According to the WHO standard grading criteria, nausea and vomiting are graded roughly as follows.
Grade 0: no nausea and vomiting; Grade I: only nausea, able to eat suitable food; Grade II: transient vomiting with nausea, eating significantly less, but able to eat; Grade III: vomiting needs treatment; Grade IV: persistent vomiting, difficult to control.
According to the above, patients’ eating situation is divided into several categories: (1) For patients who have no gastrointestinal reaction or not heavy reaction, the diet is based on adding nutrition, but the food is also ② For patients whose appetite is affected, but without obvious nausea and vomiting, the patient’s appetite should be stimulated and the patient’s favorite food should be chosen. Patients can drink more porridge and soup, and more nutritious foods can be added to the liquid diet, for example, sea cucumber, meat and abalone grated into the porridge, and electrolytes such as salt can be added. Eat less and eat more. Early morning is often the time when patients have the least reaction to nausea and vomiting, so richer food should be prepared for patients in the early morning. ③Patients with severe vomiting can consider water fasting for 4-8 hours, which can be extended to 24 hours if necessary, and gradually transition from a liquid diet to a regular diet after the fast is over.
④Patients with anemia can use iron-rich foods, such as pig liver, fungus, spinach, yam, red dates, cinnamon, lotus root powder, etc. ⑤ Patients with electrolyte disorders can have more mangoes, apples, citrus, potatoes, etc. (6) Patients who undergo gastrointestinal surgery often have more severe gastrointestinal reactions, while their nutritional status is affected due to absorption dysfunction, so extra attention should be paid to food nutrition. Lotus root powder contains raw materials necessary for hematopoiesis, such as vitamin B12 and iron, and is easy to digest, making it one of the ideal foods for gastrointestinal surgery patients. Patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery eat smaller and more frequent meals. 4 directions into the diet of chemotherapy patients
It should be emphasized that one should not rely solely on a particular food. After all, the capacity of the gastrointestinal tract is limited, and a single food may not only lead to nutritional deficiency, but may also affect the patient’s appetite. And chemotherapy may make patients anorexic, so during chemotherapy, the most important thing is to increase patients’ appetite.
①Fruits.
Apple: It is one of the most comprehensive fruits in terms of nutrients, rich in carbohydrates, vitamins and trace elements (rich in potassium and iron), and rich in dietary fiber, malic acid, tartaric acid and carotene. Apples can also calm the mind. If the patient eats little, juice can be quoted. . ②Vegetables.
Potatoes: The nutrients contained in potatoes are more comprehensive, including: starch, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals. Potatoes contain 18 kinds of amino acids, including essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body. Potatoes contain the highest amount of potassium of almost any vegetable. They can be cooked in a variety of ways and can be served as a staple food or as a dish.
Tomatoes: Rich in many vitamins and minerals, they also contain protein, sugar, and fiber. Should not be eaten raw. Should not be cooked at high temperature for a long time and should not be eaten with cucumber. Simple and nutritious cooking methods include scrambled eggs with tomatoes and tomato-egg soup.
Broccoli: ③ Foods rich in protein.
Sea urchin: rich in 17 amino acid composition, equal quality of sea urchin yellow protein content is twice as much as chicken, fish, etc. In addition, sea urchin yellow contains unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin
In addition, sea urchin yolk contains unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A and vitamin D. Among them, calcium and phosphorus content are higher than milk. The recommended practice is sea urchin and egg soup, which is simple to process, fragrant and non-greasy, and is more suitable for chemotherapy patients.
Sea cucumber: It has a very high protein content and contains 18 kinds of amino acids, taurine, chondroitin sulfate, many minerals and vitamins. However, the safety of consumption is currently controversial due to the farming method and other issues. Recommendation ④Other.
Peanut: contains protein, fat, sugar, many vitamins and many minerals, and contains 8 kinds of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, lecithin, choline, carotene and crude fiber required by human body. It has the effect of cancer prevention. Chemotherapy patients can choose brine peanuts.
Shiitake mushroom: rich in vitamin B, iron , potassium, vitamin D original, etc. It is recommended to dry, dice and cook soup, you can add diced carrot, tofu and green onion to cook soup.
Bamboo shoots: rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins, fat, sugar, minerals, carotene, etc. It is also one of the better choices for chemotherapy patients. Pumpkin: contains polysaccharides, carotenoids, minerals, amino acids, starch, vitamins, has anti-cancer and laxative effects, can be made into soup and porridge, also one of the good foods.
There are also some foods that are not suitable for chemotherapy patients, mainly foods containing 5-hydroxytryptamine, common foods include bananas, walnuts and eggplants. Foods containing tryptophan should also be eaten sparingly. Common foods include millet, bean curd, tofu skin, shrimp, nori and black sesame, but they are not contraindicated and can be given in small amounts if the patient is willing to eat them.