A perianal abscess is an acute infection of the perianal area, typically characterized by perianal pain with fever. Perianal abscesses are divided into high and low abscesses according to the boundary between the anal sphincter and the anal levator muscle. High abscesses are mainly abscesses in the pelvic-rectal space and the posterior rectal space, where the patient has mild pain symptoms but heavy infection symptoms and is prone to chills and weakness, requiring timely incision and drainage, as well as hanging wire therapy during surgery to avoid damage to the anal sphincter. Low perianal abscesses are mainly subcutaneous and sciatic-rectal interstitial abscesses, which are easy to diagnose, and puncture can visually obtain pus, which also requires surgical incision and drainage, and regular postoperative drug changes, and perianal abscesses are relatively fast healing.