Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. Every year, about 1.3 million people are diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide, and about 400,000 people die from the disease. In the past 20 years, the incidence of breast cancer in China has been increasing year by year, especially in developed big cities, breast cancer has ranked the top of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. Over the past century, the surgical treatment of breast cancer has undergone continuous changes. Breast-conserving treatment for breast cancer has been studied in Europe and the United States since the 1970s. Studies have shown that for early-stage breast cancer, there is no difference between the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year recurrence-free survival rates and overall survival rates of patients after breast-conserving treatment and radical surgery. Nowadays, for stage I and II breast cancer, the application of breast-conserving treatment accounts for 60% in the United States, 70% in France, and 50% in Japan, other countries in Europe and America, and Hong Kong. The basic strategy of breast-conserving treatment is to surgically remove the main cancer site and then use radiation therapy to kill the remaining cancer cells. Another factor that determines the success of treatment is the aesthetic appearance of the treated breast. However, not every breast cancer patient is a candidate for breast conservation. The main indications for breast conservation are: non-invasive breast cancer or early or mid-stage invasive breast cancer; imaging (e.g. breast MRI, mammogram) suggesting a single lesion; locally advanced breast cancer with good preoperative chemotherapy results. The procedure should be performed in a hospital with good chemotherapy and radiotherapy facilities. Since 2003, a new type of lumpectomy-assisted breast-conserving surgery has been introduced into China, which mainly uses lumpectomy to remove the mass and remove the lymph nodes through the axillary approach, reducing the patient’s pain and maintaining the aesthetic appearance of the breast after surgery.