The incidence and mortality rate of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, and the incidence rate of thyroid cancer is the 8th highest in the world for women with cancer. Conventional thyroid cancer treatment includes surgery, thyroid hormone suppression therapy and postoperative radioactive iodine 131 therapy, which are effective for most papillary and follicular carcinomas, but not for some poorly differentiated and aggressive papillary or follicular carcinomas, medullary carcinomas or undifferentiated carcinomas, which are refractory. With the progress of molecular mechanism research in thyroid cancer in recent years, the research of several molecular targets including BRAF point mutation, RAS, RET/PTC oncogene, PAX8/PPARc oncogene, etc. has gradually become clear, and the targeted therapy for refractory thyroid cancer has become a new direction. FDA approved targeted drugs for thyroid cancer treatment 1. Sorafenib is the first small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor for oral administration, which can target and inhibit the activity of multiple kinases. The clinical benefit of sorafenib in the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer and recurrent metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer is clear, but the clinical efficacy of sorafenib in the treatment of undifferentiated thyroid cancer is uncertain and needs to be further evaluated in more clinical trials. During the treatment with sorafenib, attention should be paid to the occurrence of adverse reactions such as hand-foot skin syndrome and diarrhea, especially during the process of sorafenib dose adjustment. 2.Vandetanib is a synthetic anilinoquinazoline compound, which is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The clinical efficacy of vandetanib in the treatment of patients with radioiodine-tolerant advanced thyroid cancer and advanced medullary thyroid cancer has been confirmed by several clinical trials, and the main attention should be paid to the occurrence of cardiovascular and digestive system adverse reactions during the application of this drug. Cabozantinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its targets include ME, VEGFR-2, RET, etc. Cabozantinib significantly prolongs the PFS of patients with progressive medullary thyroid cancer, with obvious clinical efficacy. Adverse drug reactions may include: diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, etc. 4.Levatinib is an oral receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with multiple inhibitory targets and is approved for patients with locally recurrent or metastatic radioiodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer. Other novel drugs such as sunitinib, pazopanib, motesenib, axitinib, and vincristine are also gradually put into clinical trial studies. In addition, the combination of targeted drugs for the treatment of progressive thyroid cancer is also a new breakthrough in the treatment of refractory thyroid cancer, and the combination of targeted drugs with other treatments (e.g. combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy) can be included in the future research direction.