Mesencephalic epilepsy, also known as vegetative epilepsy, autonomic epilepsy, visceral epilepsy, and heterotypic epilepsy, mainly manifests as symptoms of ictal vegetative nerve dysfunction. The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, characterized by sudden onset, recurrence, and self-remission. According to their seizure symptoms, they can be divided into abdominal epilepsy, headache epilepsy, limb pain epilepsy, vertigo epilepsy, etc. They are easily misdiagnosed and mistreated. Interictal seizures can be seen in trauma and also in neurosurgical diseases such as brain tumors, hydrocephalus, hypoxia, and spider blood. They can be classified as simple and mixed, with six subtypes, depending on whether the most prominent symptom in the autonomic seizure is accompanied by non-autonomic symptoms. Patients with mesencephalic epilepsy may have one or more of the following symptoms, which appear in essentially the same order and sequence with each seizure The simple type only shows seizure autonomic symptoms. The main symptoms are vasomotor disorders of the skin and mucous membranes, significant pallor or congestion of the skin, or from pallor to congestion, with local fever, especially in the skin of the head and neck, diffuse redness of the skin congestion, or blocky or large erythema; another typical pallor is located in the mouth and nose triangle, the rest of the face is significantly red and well-defined, the conjunctiva and mucous membranes can also be Congestion of blood. 2, exocrine gland secretion abnormalities: manifested as more local or general sweating, excessive or reduced saliva secretion, as well as exocrine gland secretion abnormalities, lacrimation, salivation, etc. 3, visceral dysfunction: manifested as visceral dysfunction, such as palpitations, chest tightness, changes in heart rate, rhythm and arterial blood pressure, visceral dysfunction, respiratory dysfunction such as hyperventilation, hyperventilation, apnea and episodic wheezing, and digestive symptoms such as rising gas, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain, as well as polyuria, urinary incontinence, forced urination or defecation. 4, thermoregulation disorder: most of them show elevated body temperature, some of them are accompanied by chills, and a few of them have decreased body temperature and thermoregulation disorder. 5, eating disorders: manifested as gluttony, thirst and excessive drinking, a few appetite loss. 6, sleep disorders: manifested as episodes of drowsiness, yawning, drowsiness, a few appear continuous sleeplessness, sleep disorders. In addition to episodic autonomic manifestations, the mixed type may be accompanied by mild consciousness disorder, episodic muscle weakness, limited tonic spasms and episodic sensory abnormalities. The diagnosis of mesencephalic epilepsy can be made only when the patient has a seizure with a discharge that can be monitored by dynamic EEG or video EEG. The capillary network in the hypothalamus is rich, but the blood-brain barrier is not structurally sound, and capillary permeability is higher than in other parts of the brain, making it more sensitive to hypoxia, infection, poisoning, trauma, and increased intracranial pressure, and prone to edema, inflammation, and hemorrhage. Only a few primary mesencephalic epilepsies have a family history. Secondary mesencephalic epilepsy is caused by various encephalitis, brain tumors, parasites, craniocerebral trauma, cerebrovascular disease, poisoning, degeneration, metabolic disorders and hyperthermia.