Whether thalassemia, a form of thalassemia, can cause growth retardation in children depends on the severity of the condition. If a child has mild thalassemia, it will not affect the nutritional intake of the body and will not lead to slow growth, so no special treatment is usually needed. If the child has moderate or severe thalassemia, it may lead to insufficient nutrient intake and lack of nutrients in the body, resulting in slow growth and development. In severe cases, the anemia may not be able to meet the needs of the body’s organs and may affect the growth and development of the child. Thalassemia occurs in children between 3 and 12 months of age and may be accompanied by pallor, mild jaundice, and a large liver and spleen, and the symptoms get worse with age. If the child is not treated in a timely manner, he or she may have a special appearance of thalassemia, such as enlarged bones, bulging forehead, and widened eye spacing. If a child is diagnosed with thalassemia, clinical intervention should be actively provided, and blood transfusion and iron removal therapy, splenectomy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, gene activation therapy, etc. should be used according to the specific condition under the guidance of a professional doctor to avoid aggravation of the condition. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to rest in daily life, ensure balanced and adequate nutrition, take appropriate vitamin E and folic acid supplements, and actively prevent infections, which can play a supporting role in relieving symptoms and controlling the development of the disease, and can help reduce the risk of restricted growth and development.