Some people go to the hospital because they find red urine, and when they go to the hospital for examination, they find hematuria; some people find hematuria because they have back pain; more people are diagnosed with hematuria because they find occult blood + to ++++ in the urine during physical examination, but no matter what the reason for going for urine laboratory tests, finding hematuria always makes people nervous, and many patients want to know: what disease do I have? Is it serious? Is my kidney broken? First of all, if you find red urine, you should make sure that it is not hematuria. There are many reasons that can cause red urine, such as lead poisoning, liver and bile duct infarction, taking the anti-TB drug rifampin, all of which may cause red urine, and even red urine when consuming large amounts of beetroot. However, red urine caused by the above reasons does not have red blood cells when the urine is examined under a microscope, and this is not really hematuria. Most medical hematuria can be seen under a microscope with red blood cells in the urine and in excess of normal numbers. Second, a positive urine occult blood (BLD) does not necessarily mean hematuria. A positive urine occult blood only indicates that the urine contains red blood cell components, not the actual morphological, intact red blood cells seen under the microscope, but the components of red blood cells examined by a computer. In normal people, red blood cells are constantly destroyed and their components are eliminated from the urine, so some normal people may also have positive occult blood in the urine, so only when the red blood cells in the urine are greater than 3/Hp under microscopic examination can the diagnosis of hematuria be made. Furthermore, even if a large number of red blood cells are seen under the microscope, it is important to consider whether there are other reasons for blood to be mixed into the urine, such as menstrual blood in women, bleeding hemorrhoids, etc. It is important to pay attention to this. Finally, if the above causes are ruled out and there is indeed hematuria, does it mean that there is something wrong with the kidneys? Not necessarily. There are at least three causes of hematuria to consider: 1. Hematuria caused by systemic bleeding disorders. For example, hemophilia, acute re-infarction, thrombocytopenic purpura and so on. These diseases are often accompanied by lesions in other organs of the body. Careful medical history and examination can often reveal the primary disease, and then the primary disease must be treated before the hematuria can be controlled or disappeared. 2. Hematuria caused by lesions in the adjacent organs of the urinary system, for example, when appendicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease in women is present, hematuria can also occur due to the inflammation spreading to the urinary system. In addition, some malignant tumors such as rectal cancer and ovarian cancer that metastasize to the urinary system can also cause hematuria. These inflammatory diseases or tumors are the real cause of hematuria, and hematuria is only a concomitant symptom, so the primary disease causing hematuria must be treated. 3.It is indeed the urinary system disease that causes hematuria. The above two conditions must be excluded before the diagnosis of hematuria caused by diseases of the urinary system itself can be made. In this case, it is also necessary to distinguish whether it is caused by surgical diseases such as trauma, stones, tumors, ruptured blood vessels, etc., or by internal diseases such as inflammation (urinary sensation, tuberculosis, etc.), nephritis, IgA nephropathy, etc. In this case, some relevant tests must be performed under the guidance of a doctor to clarify. Therefore, if you find hematuria, you should not be too nervous, nor should you ignore it. You must find a specialist for examination to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.