Etiology of hematuria

       The causes of hematuria are mostly renal pelvic stones, ureteral stones, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, lesions in the adjacent tissues and organs of the urinary tract, blood disorders, infectious diseases, hypertensive arteriosclerosis, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, urological tumors, renal arteriosclerosis, congenital renal malformations, renal prolapse or wandering, heavy physical labor or long-distance exercise, toxic damage from drugs, trauma to the lumbar region, and other factors that make veins are damaged and blood seeps into the urine. The most common cause of bleeding is due to trauma, and medically induced injuries such as percutaneous nephroscopy and renal puncture biopsy are also a common cause of renal bleeding.  Interventional treatment of renal hemorrhage: renal artery embolization therapy can achieve satisfactory hemostasis by injecting embolic agent through selective arteriography. The commonly used embolic agents are gelatin sponge particles and spring coils. If a small amount of noradrenaline solution is injected first to make the normal renal blood vessels contract, it can achieve the purpose of making the embolic agent more concentrated in the injured area. Bleeding after renal puncture biopsy Healing after renal embolization