Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disease in women and an important cause of infertility, with an incidence of about 9-18% in women of childbearing age and an increasing trend of incidence in recent years. The etiology of PCOS is complex and has been a hot spot for domestic and foreign research. It is now generally accepted that PCOS is a complex disease caused by the combined effect of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the role of psychological factors in the occurrence and development of PCOS has also received widespread attention. Some studies have shown that patients with PCOS are often associated with emotional problems such as low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress, and sadness, and these unfavorable factors further worsen the pathophysiological state of PCOS, eventually leading to a vicious cycle. The clinical features of PCOS vary. Patients mainly present with ovulation disorders, leading to irregular menstruation, low menstrual flow or amenorrhea. Patients tend to have a normal age of menarche and usually develop menstrual disorders after menarche. The persistent anovulatory state leads to infertility. Disturbed hormone levels can affect egg quality, endometrial tolerance, and even embryo development, with some patients manifesting as miscarriage after pregnancy. Also under the influence of hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, patients with PCOS may present with hirsutism, acne, dark acanthosis and obesity. PCOS is a complex disease, but it is not incurable, and the treatment options are aimed at two major groups: those with and those without reproductive requirements. In either category, the most important thing is lifestyle modification and weight control, mainly including low-calorie diet and aerobic exercise. Weight loss plays an important role in regulating menstruation and restoring ovulation, and is a consistent treatment modality for PCOS patients. Weight loss can also reduce symptoms such as hirsutism and acne, and can stop the adverse consequences of long-term progression of PCOS, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other metabolic syndromes. Patients without fertility requirements PCOS patients without fertility requirements mainly focus on adjusting menstrual cycle, treating hirsutism and acne, protecting endometrium, preventing endometrial cancer, and preventing cardiovascular disease. PCOS patients with fertility requirements are treated with ovulation induction to help them conceive. The current first-line treatment is pharmacological ovulation promotion. Based on the systematic examination of infertility, an ovulation promotion program is developed, and the process of ovulation promotion can be combined with artificial insemination to help conception. For patients with stubborn ovulation disorders that cannot be treated with multiple ovulation promotion programs, IVF treatment is possible. In fact, clinically, through the first-line treatment, the choice of ovulation drugs, while regulating lifestyle, weight control and other adjuvant treatment, usually can achieve better results, most of them can get pregnant naturally, few patients embarked on the road of “IVF”. In the past, PCOS patients with fertility requirements were treated with ovarian surgery, namely ovarian perforation, with laparoscopic ovarian perforation being the most common. The principle is to indirectly adjust the pituitary-ovarian axis by lowering androgen levels to improve ovulation and increase the chance of pregnancy. However, not all patients are suitable for ovarian perforation because of its short maintenance time and the risk of ovarian damage, mainly bleeding at the perforation site, surrounding adhesions and ovarian hypofunction, etc. Therefore, it is not advocated at present and is classified as a second-line treatment option, which can only be considered when drugs have repeatedly failed.