Urolithiasis is a global disease and one of the most common urological diseases. With the continuous improvement of social economy and changes in people’s diet and environment, the incidence of urological stone disease in China has been increasing and jumped to be one of the three most prevalent areas in the world. It is well known that not only the prevalence of urinary stone disease is high, but also the recurrence rate is quite high. With different stone composition, the recurrence rate of stones accounts for more than half of those who have not received standard treatment, while those who have received standard treatment have a recurrence rate of 10-15%. Stones themselves are the result of disease development, not the cause. Only by uncovering the truth about the “stones”, clarifying the composition of stones, identifying the risk factors for stone formation, and treating the cause, can stone recurrence be effectively controlled. The main component of urinary stones is crystals, which account for about 97% of the dry weight of stones. There are more than a dozen common crystal components, namely calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, apatite carbonate, magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, uric acid anhydrous, uric acid dihydrate, ammonium urate, sodium urate monohydrate and L-cystine, etc. However, in the past, it was customary to use chemical composition rather than crystal composition in clinical practice. The chemical components are divided into five main categories, namely calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid and cystine. In terms of general preventive measures: first, hydration therapy, hydration therapy is also known as drinking more water. The second is to limit sodium, including sodium chloride, namely table salt and MSG, MSG is also known as monosodium glutamate. Third, reduce body weight. According to the survey, obese people are prone to urinary stone disease, both of which are manifestations of metabolic disorders. Fourth, moderate exercise. Exercise helps to discharge small stones as early as possible, but excessive exercise will lead to dehydration, urine concentration, which will also induce stone formation.