Hematuria refers to the presence of blood or blood clots in the urine. Common diseases that cause hematuria include various types of nephritis, urinary tract infections, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary stones, kidney tuberculosis, kidney tumors, kidney and urethral injuries, etc. Hematuria is one of the main symptoms of these diseases. Hematuria is often caused by diseases of the urinary organs. Human urine is produced in the kidneys and is discharged through the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra. Any disease in these organs and bleeding can cause hematuria. Injury, inflammation, tumors, etc. in any part of a person’s urinary system can cause hematuria. It is a very important sign of disease and teaches you to recognize hematuria and beware of 5 major health crises. Urinary tract stones Urinary tract stones are a common disease of the urinary system, and it is usually accompanied by hematuria. The risk of urinary tract stones to the body ranges from “mild” to “severe”. In mild cases, they only cause some discomfort and pain in the kidney or abdomen, and the movement of stones usually causes renal colic and hematuria. In severe cases, the stones are large, multiple or located in the urinary tract for too long, resulting in urinary tract infections and ureteropelvic effusion, and damage to kidney function. There is no need to panic too much when you have urinary tract stones, as new methods of treating stones are emerging. Such as minimally invasive surgery, which can reduce patients’ pain, there are four types of methods as follows: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, minimally invasive ureteroscopic lithotripsy, minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard access percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Kidney Cancer Kidney cancer is second only to bladder tumor in the incidence of male urological tumors and often occurs after the age of 40, with occasional patients under the age of 30. Hematuria is one of the most common clinical symptoms of kidney cancer, which is caused by the tumor invading the mucosa of renal pelvis or calyces. About 40%-60% of patients will have different degrees of hematuria. For the treatment of kidney cancer, the first step is to take ultrasound for diagnosis. After diagnosis, minimally invasive treatment, such as laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, can be used to treat early stage tumors located on the surface of the kidney or in the upper and lower poles. It is recommended that preoperative renal artery embolization should be performed to reduce intraoperative bleeding and prevent cancer cells from spreading during surgery. And paying attention to the preexisting symptoms that can accompany kidney cancer and taking appropriate treatment can strive for a greater possibility of cure. Prostate cancer There may be many reasons for the occurrence of visible hematuria, but more than 90% of them are diseases of the urinary organs. Hematuria with the naked eye is a bright red or pink blood-colored urine, sometimes even with small blood clots. Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor of the male genital system. The local symptoms of prostate cancer appear late and often metastatic symptoms are the earliest reason for consultation. The definitive diagnosis is based on prostate biopsy or pathological examination of prostate surgery specimens. Treatment of prostate cancer is generally surgical, but minimally invasive methods are also available. For example, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is suitable for stage a and stage b prostate cancer. Transurethral resection of the prostate is useful in relieving obstruction in the elderly and infirm who have developed complications such as urinary obstruction. In addition, endocrine therapy with medications is also available. Benign prostatic hyperplasia For older men, in addition to diseases such as tumors and stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia is an important cause of hematuria. As the prostate increases in size and vascularity, painless hematuria can occur due to vasodilation and congestion on the surface of the prostate. Prostatic hyperplasia is often combined with inflammation and bladder stones, which can make the symptoms of hematuria more pronounced. The actual effective treatment method is therefore very important. Currently, treatment for BPH includes watchful waiting, medication, and surgical treatment, based on the patient’s lower urinary tract symptoms and the degree of decline in quality of life as an important basis for choosing treatment measures. Because prostate enlargement is a progressive disease, some patients will eventually require surgical treatment to resolve the problem. Bladder Tumors The recently published national tumor survey shows that bladder tumors have been ranked among the top ten tumors in the country and are currently the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. Hematuria is the earliest and most common symptom of bladder cancer. There are two obvious characteristics of hematuria at this time. Firstly, it is painless, patients can have obvious hematuria without any pain; secondly, it is intermittent, many patients with bladder cancer have an interval of six months to a year from the first time of meatus hematuria to the second time of meatus hematuria. Treatment with antibiotics and hemostatic drugs can temporarily suspend the hematuria, but it must not be taken lightly, otherwise it will delay the diagnosis and treatment.