Sleep is an essential thing in every one of our daily lives, and one third of a person’s life is spent sleeping. For most people, sleep is the happiest thing in life, but sadly, many people have problems with their sleep, even very serious and fatal ones. This is not alarmist talk. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) has a high incidence rate and is a common and frequent disease that seriously jeopardizes people’s health. China is one of the countries with the highest incidence of this disease, and the results of a survey on sleep show that 45% of more than 10,000 respondents have sleep disorders. Patients not only have their quality of life and work efficiency obviously affected, but also are prone to complications of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and even sudden death at night. With the continuous development of society and economy and the increasing pressure of people’s work, sleep disorder is becoming a disease that jeopardizes people’s health. Clinical sleep disorder disease (SDB) mainly refers to obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS), upper airway resistance syndrome (RARS) and a series of other sleep disorders with respiratory disorders as the main manifestation, of which OSAHS accounts for about 90%. OSAHS refers to apnea and hypoventilation caused by collapsed upper airway obstruction during sleep, accompanied by snoring, sleep structure disorders, frequent oxygen desaturation, daytime sleepiness and other signs. Apnea is defined as the cessation of oro-nasal airflow for ≥10 seconds during sleep, and hypoventilation (insufficient ventilation) is defined as a decrease in the intensity of respiratory airflow by more than 50% from the basal level during sleep, accompanied by a decrease in oxygen saturation (SaO2) by 3% or by arousal. 1, the etiology of OSAHS Its etiology is more, any anatomical part of the upper respiratory tract narrowing or blockage, can lead to OSAHS. (1) the true cavity and pharyngeal and laryngeal lesions anterior nostril stenosis or atresia, deviated septum, nasal polyps, hypertrophic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, nasal cavity of all kinds of benign or malignant tumors; rhinopharyngitis, adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal atresia or stenosis, tonsillar hypertrophy, hyperechogenic or hypertrophy, pharyngeal tumors, nasopharyngitis, adenoids, pharyngeal atresia or stenosis, tonsils, suspensory over-length or hypertrophy, pharyngeal tumor, pharyngeal muscle paralysis; epiglottitis, epiglottic cyst, epiglottic tumor, supraglottic edema, vocal cord paralysis, laryngeal cancer, laryngeal cartilage chondromalacia, as well as goitre and other primary or metastatic mass compression in the neck. (2) Oral lesions affect the tongue disproportionately, such as macroglossia, tongue tumors, ectopic thyroid at the base of the tongue, enlarged tongue secondary to mucous edema, and repair of crotch fissure with a pharyngeal flap in some patients. (3) Certain congenital malformations of maxillofacial development. (4) Systemic diseases: acromegaly.Fairbanks (1987) believes that there are four main causes of snoring or obstructive sleep apnea: ① The tension of palatal, lingual and pharyngeal muscles is insufficient to keep the airway open during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle; ② The soft palate and the uvula are too long, which leads to a narrowing of the nasopharyngeal airway and vibration during respiration; and ③ There is a place-holding lesion in the pharyngeal cavity. Thus encroaching on the pharyngeal airway; ④ restricted nasal ventilation, in the inspiratory period can make the collapsed airway part of the greater negative pressure. In recent years, domestic and foreign sleep experts research found that cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and other diseases are related to snoring. At present, some of the major hospitals in China, has been in the clinic to strengthen the sleep breathing disorder this marginal clinical discipline research, they are in the cardiology, respiratory, endocrinology, nephrology and other outpatient clinics, receiving patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, diabetes mellitus, uremia and mucous edema, etc., so that sleep respiratory disorders experts to participate in the consultation. Once the cause of the patient’s condition is confirmed to be related to OSAHS, a comprehensive treatment plan will be formulated accordingly. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS) is not difficult to diagnose clinically. Patients usually have symptoms of daytime drowsiness, severe snoring and recurrent apnea during sleep, and more than 30 recurrent episodes of apnea and hypoventilation during 7 hours of sleep per night during nocturnal polysomnography (PSG), or sleep apnea and hypoventilation index ≥5, and apnea and hypoventilation index ≥5, or sleep apnea and hypoventilation index ≥5, or sleep apnea and hypoventilation index ≥5. Ventilation Index ≥5 with apnea predominantly obstructive. Combined with upper airway assessment tests, such as the muller test, imaging tests, and obstruction localization systems. OSAHS prevention mainly includes the following aspects: (1) Enhance physical exercise and maintain good living habits. (2) Avoid smoking and alcohol habit, because smoking can cause respiratory symptoms to aggravate, and drinking alcohol aggravates snoring, nocturnal respiratory disorders and hypoxemia, especially drinking alcohol before bedtime. (3) For obese patients, they should actively reduce their weight, and our experience is to reduce their weight by more than 5% to 10%. (4) Most snoring patients have decreased blood oxygen content, so they are often accompanied by high blood pressure, cardiac rhythm disorder, increased blood viscosity, and increased burden on the heart, which can easily lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so they should pay attention to the monitoring of blood pressure, and take antihypertensive drugs on time. (5) It is forbidden to take sedative and sleeping drugs before going to bed, so as not to aggravate the inhibition of the regulation of the respiratory center. (6) Adopt the side sleep position, especially the right side sleep position is preferred. Avoid tongue, soft palate, uvula relaxation and fall back during sleep, aggravate the upper airway blockage. Can sleep on the back against a small ball, help to maintain the mandatory side sleep position. (7) After surgery, patients should eat soft food, do not eat too hot food. Avoid strenuous activities. 3, the treatment of OSAHS mainly has general treatment and special treatment: (1) general measures ① weight loss: obese people around the upper airway fat deposition, lumen narrowing, increased compliance, easy to trap closure during inspiration. And at the same time with functional residual air and tidal volume reduction, can cause ventilation / blood flow ratio imbalance and hypoxemia. After weight loss can often achieve significant therapeutic effect, but some patients are difficult to adhere to long-term. ② Oxygen therapy: low concentration oxygen therapy can be considered for patients with hypoxemia, so that Pa02 is maintained at 8-10kPa (60-75mmHg), in addition to improving the duration of apnea and oxygen saturation, but also to prevent sleep apnea-induced bradycardia, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary heart disease. ③ Abstain from alcohol and avoid the application of sedatives: alcohol and sedatives can reduce the activity of the muscles around the upper airway and even the chin and tongue muscles to induce sleep apnea. Therefore, avoiding alcohol and sedatives before bedtime can help the treatment of sleep apnea. (2) Special treatment ①Transnasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): CPAP can keep the upper airway dilated and better prevent apnea during sleep. ② Relieve mechanical narrowing of the upper airway: when there are tonsils and enlarged proliferative glands, surgical resection can achieve better results. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is more effective in sleep apnea caused by nasopharyngeal obstruction. Tracheotomy: Tracheotomy can save the respiratory airflow from the upper airway trapping, but it is not easy to be accepted by the patients, and it is difficult to pull out the tube once it is cut. For the treatment of OSAHS we emphasize individualized comprehensive treatment. The aim of surgical treatment is to rebuild the structurally narrowed upper airway to achieve complete relief of upper airway obstruction. The surgical plan is formulated according to the site of obstruction, and staged surgery is feasible for patients with multi-planar stenosis, in which the basic structure should be preserved, the function should be maintained and rebuilt, and the quality of life of the patients should be improved as much as possible after the surgery. With the continuous improvement of people’s health awareness, the deepening of basic and clinical research on obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome (OSAHS), as well as the continuous improvement of diagnosis and treatment level, it will bring more gospel to OSAHS patients.