Nosebleeds in children are a very common phenomenon. In the hot summer and dry winter seasons, nosebleeds are more common in children, especially in children who often have nosebleeds at night, and parents cannot help but worry about this. There are many reasons for pediatric nosebleeds. Generally speaking, children before the age of 2 rarely have nosebleeds because the capillary network of the nasal cavity is not well developed in this age group. The site of nasal bleeding in children is mostly in the capillary network in the anterior part of the nasal septum, also known as the Lai’s area. This vascular network is superficial and distributed in the mucous membrane layer of the nasal septum. When the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is dry, the capillaries are dilated, and the nasal cavity is inflamed or irritated, nasal bleeding can easily occur. Such as various rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal tuberculosis, nasal syphilis, nasal trauma, nasal septal deviation, nasal foreign body, nasal tumor, etc.; or poor climatic conditions, such as dry air, hot, low air pressure, cold, high room temperature, etc., can cause nasal bleeding, while certain systemic diseases such as fever, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, leukemia, thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, etc., can also cause nasal bleeding; in addition, there are In addition, some children have the bad habit of picking their nostrils with their hands, which can easily cause nose bleeding when the nasal mucosa is dry; picky eating, partial eating and not eating green vegetables can cause nasal bleeding due to vitamin deficiency. Nasal bleeding is mostly manifested by blood flowing from the front nostrils or to the pharynx through the back nostrils, and the two conditions can occur simultaneously when the bleeding volume is large. Sometimes the nosebleed flows to the pharynx, which may appear as “vomiting blood”. When the nosebleed is serious, more blood is swallowed, which can cause abdominal pain, pallor, sweating and vomiting of coffee-like substance after stimulating the stomach, which is due to the reaction between stomach acid and blood and turns into coffee color. Some children may also have black stools. When the amount of bleeding is too large, it can cause hemorrhagic shock, which can be life-threatening. Long-term recurrent bleeding can also cause anemia, which should be taken seriously. Nasal bleeding is an emergency and should be stopped as soon as it occurs. A simple method is to stuff the bleeding nostril with sterilized cotton balls or pinch the bilateral nostrils with the thumb and index finger, or use the index finger to compress the affected nostril for 5-10 minutes to stop the bleeding. Try to keep the child quiet and avoid crying at this time. It is better to let the child take a sitting position with head slightly tilted forward and try to spit out the blood, so that the amount of bleeding can be known as well as to avoid swallowing the nosebleed into the stomach, which can irritate the stomach causing abdominal pain and vomiting. If the amount of bleeding is large and there are precursors of hemorrhagic shock, such as pallor, sweating, rapid heart rate, poor mental health, etc., you should adopt a semi-recumbent position and send to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. After arriving at the hospital, the doctor will give appropriate treatment according to the site of nosebleed and the amount of bleeding. Most nasal bleeding in children occurs in the first third of the nasal septum in the Lee’s area. Recurrent bleeding can be treated locally with freezing, laser, microwave and chemicals. Smaller amounts of nasal bleeding can also be treated with nasal drops containing 1% ephedrine to stop the bleeding by constricting the blood vessels. It should be emphasized that the treatment of rhinorrhea should start from the cause. If the rhinorrhea is caused by various rhinitis, we should treat the rhinitis first; if the rhinorrhea is caused by trauma or nasal foreign body, we should treat the trauma and remove the foreign body; if the rhinorrhea is caused by systemic diseases such as scarlet fever, upper respiratory tract infection and blood diseases such as leukemia, hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, etc., we should treat these diseases. How to prevent rhinorrhea? When children have rhinitis or sinusitis, they should be treated promptly; when they have fever or cough, they should be given cooling and cough relief; if they have bad habits of picking their nose, they should change them as soon as possible; at the same time, they should be taught not to be partial in eating, to eat more vegetables and fruits, to drink more water during the hot summer season, and not to be outdoors under the sun; in winter, when the air inside is dry, they can use humidifiers and open windows to ventilate, and not to let the room temperature be too high; for children with frequent nosebleeds, they can be treated with an intranasal spray. For children with frequent nasal bleeding, apply paraffin oil, gentamycin cod liver oil, etc. This can make the nasal mucosa moist; some children often have nose bleeding at night, use cotton swabs dipped in gentamycin ointment to apply a thin layer in the nasal cavity before going to bed, which can treat the dryness of the nasal mucosa and effectively reduce nasal bleeding; when the amount of nasal bleeding is large and not easy to stop the bleeding, it should be sent to the hospital in time for consultation and treatment. Parents should also learn the simple treatment of nosebleeds to avoid panic when they encounter nosebleeds.