What does a neuroendocrine tumor look like?

  Patient Song Moumou, female, 17 years old. Complaint: headache for 4 months, aggravated by nausea and vomiting for 1 month; previously healthy. History: The patient had headache with no obvious cause 4 months ago, which was obvious in both temporal regions and occurred intermittently. These symptoms gradually worsened; 1 month ago, the headache worsened with nausea and vomiting in the form of jets, and the vomit was stomach contents.  One day ago, a CT scan was performed at a local hospital, showing 1. right cerebellar hemisphere occupancy and 2. acute obstructive hydrocephalus; now he came to our hospital for further treatment, and was admitted to our outpatient clinic with “1. right cerebellar hemisphere occupancy and 2. acute obstructive hydrocephalus”. Physical examination: stable vital signs, clear consciousness, poor mental health, tangential answers, both pupils are equal in size and round, sensitive light reflex, normal visual acuity in both eyes, edema of the optic papillae, adequate eye movements, symmetrical facial lines, central pendulous, pharyngeal reflex, symmetrical and strong shoulder shrugging, central tongue extension; no obvious abnormalities in the sensory system. The sensory system showed no significant abnormality, the muscle strength of the limbs was grade V, the physiological reflexes existed, and the pathological reflexes were not elicited. Preoperative imaging data Postoperative pathology: malignant neuroendocrine tumor Postoperative MRI: good tumor resection.  The incidence of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is very low, only about 1.5 per 100,000. The incidence of NET is very low, only about 1.5 per 10,000.  NET is a rare tumor. It has been found that neuroendocrine cells can also produce peptide substances, and some neurons also have secretory functions, so these cells are collectively called DNES.  NET is characterized by the presence of silverophilic granules, synaptophysin (Syn), cytokeratin (CK), neurospecific enolase (NSE), chromogranin (CgA), and cell membrane antigen (EMA), all of which are common neuroendocrine markers. NEC is classified into highly differentiated NET (carcinoid tumor), moderately differentiated NEC (malignant or atypical carcinoid tumor) and poorly differentiated NEC (small cell NEC) according to the latest WHO classification criteria for NET histology in 2000.  Paraganglioma (chemosensitive tumor) occurs in the paraganglia and chemoreceptors, including the carotid body, jugular vein body, ciliary ganglion body, aortic body, pulmonary body, femoral body and retroperitoneal body. Sometimes they are named according to the site of tumor, such as carotid body tumor, jugular vein body tumor, or collectively called chemoreceptor tumor (chemosensory tumor).  Treatment: 1. surgery 2. radiotherapy (not significant) 3. chemotherapy (adriamycin, fluorouracil, streptomycin) 4. biological therapy (interferon, growth inhibitors)