A cramp, also called a muscle spasm, is a spontaneous, tonic contraction of a muscle. Muscle cramps that occur in the calves and toes are the most common, and the pain is unbearable during the attack. The common causes of cramps: 1, sweating too much exercise for a long time, a lot of exercise, sweating, and not timely replenishment of salt. The body lost a lot of fluid and electrolytes, metabolic waste accumulation, poor local blood circulation in the muscles, but also prone to cramps. 2, excessive fatigue long-distance travel, climbing, calf muscle fatigue is most likely to occur. When fatigue to a certain extent, spasms will occur. 3, cold stimulation such as winter exercise in a cold environment, inadequate preparation activities, summer swimming water temperature is low, are likely to cause leg cramps. The calf muscles are stimulated by cold at night, cramps can also occur. 4, continuous muscle contraction too fast when strenuous exercise, the whole body is in a state of tension, the local metabolites of leg muscles lactic acid increased, muscle contraction and relaxation is difficult to coordinate, thus causing calf muscle cramps. 5, calcium deficiency In the process of muscle contraction, calcium ions play an important role. When the concentration of calcium ions in the blood is too low, the muscle is easily excited and spasms. Older people often suffer from cramps due to calcium deficiency. Treatment of calf cramps: Depending on the cause, the following countermeasures can be taken to quickly relieve the cramps and stop the pain. When the cramp occurs, as long as the “opposite”, that is, in the direction of the opposite force to pull the toe and adhere to l ~ 2 minutes or more, you can get results. Specifically, if the muscle cramp is behind the calf, you can wrench the foot to make the foot plate up, on the one hand, try to straighten the knee joint; when the muscle cramp in front of the calf, you can press the foot plate and wrench the toes. To prevent leg and foot cramps, you should pay attention to the following points: 1, keep warm; 2, pay attention to sleep position; 3, walking or exercise time should not be too long; 4, appropriate to participate in physical exercise; 5, appropriate calcium, lactic acid and amino acid dairy products, lean meat and other foods, can promote the dissolution of calcium salts to help absorption.