OVERVIEW
Overview
Colorectal tumors are various kinds of tumors that occur between the cecum and the anus, as well as neoplastic lesions that are closely related to colorectal tumors and so on. Colorectal tumors can be divided into two categories: benign and malignant. Benign colorectal tumors can be divided into colorectal polyps and colorectal polyposis; malignant colorectal tumors mainly refer to colorectal cancer, colorectal smooth muscle sarcoma, colorectal fibrosarcoma, colorectal malignant lymphatic system tumors, carcinoid tumors, and so on.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Oncology, Basic Surgery
Clinical Symptoms
Changes in bowel habits and fecal character, abdominal pain, lower abdominal mass, etc.
Hazards
Malignant tumors may metastasize to distant places via lymphatic or bloodstream route, which may be life-threatening.
Complications
Intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, intestinal bleeding, etc.
Examination
Blood routine, blood biochemistry, stool routine, fiberoptic colonoscopy, pathology and histology.
Diagnosis
Preliminary diagnosis can be made on the basis of symptoms such as change in bowel habit and fecal character, combined with colonoscopy.
Treatment principle
Benign tumors are mainly treated by surgery; malignant tumors are treated by surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, traditional Chinese medicine and other comprehensive treatments.
Curability
Most of benign tumors can be cured after active treatment; malignant tumors can be cured in early stage, but the curability is low in late stage.
Dietary advice
Diet should be diversified, with foods rich in vitamins, avoiding too rough, smoky and fried foods.
Causes
Epidemiology
The age of onset is 40 to 50 years old, and males are more common.
Etiology
The cause of the disease is unknown. Predisposing factors include a high-fat, low-fiber diet, chronic inflammation, parasitic infections, and genetic factors.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical Symptoms
Changes in bowel habits and fecal character
Often the earliest symptom, mostly manifested as increased frequency of defecation, diarrhea, constipation, bloody stools, acute and severe symptoms.
Abdominal pain
Due to the erosion of cancerous tumor, secondary infection irritating the intestinal tract, abdominal pain with unclear location may appear.
Abdominal mass
Abdominal mass of colorectal tumor is mainly seen in the right lower abdomen, which is hard and nodular.
Intestinal obstruction
Generally, it is the late stage symptom of colorectal tumor, which is mostly manifested as low incomplete intestinal obstruction, and abdominal pain, abdominal distension and constipation may occur.
Other symptoms
Due to chronic blood loss, tumor ulceration, infection, absorption of toxins, etc., patients may have systemic symptoms such as anemia, emaciation, malaise and low fever.
Diagnostic basis
The benign or malignant nature of the tumor can be clearly diagnosed according to the symptoms such as change of bowel habit and fecal character, abdominal pain, lower abdominal mass, combined with laboratory tests such as fecal routine + fecal occult blood, fibro-colonoscopy, pathological and histological examination.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Benign tumors are mostly treated with surgery; malignant tumors are treated with a comprehensive treatment plan based on surgical resection.
Radiotherapy
Malignant tumors are supplemented with radiotherapy after surgery to improve the prognosis of the tumor.
Surgery
Surgery is generally advocated for benign cases to remove the tumor.
For malignant tumors, the scope of resection and surgical methods should be determined according to the location and stage of the cancer.
Prognosis
Benign tumors can be cured with active treatment; malignant tumors can be cured in early stage, but the prognosis is worse in late stage.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Maintain good mood and avoid the stimulation of adverse mental factors.
2. Don’t participate in heavy labor for 1~3 months after surgery.
3. Develop the habit of regular defecation and avoid sitting for a long time.
4. Adhere to the postoperative chemotherapy, regular outpatient review.
Dietary regimen
After discharge from the hospital, the main focus is on liquid food, and the diet will be resumed gradually.
After resuming the diet, take light, easy-to-digest food as the mainstay, and chew and swallow slowly.
Avoid greasy and spicy food, and eat small and frequent meals.
Intake of high protein food, drink more water, appropriate intake of vegetables, fruits and other foods rich in vitamins and high fiber.
Keep bowel movement smooth.