Surgery is mainly the study of the occurrence and development of surgical diseases, as well as the clinical manifestations of diseases, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of science, with surgery and repair as the main means of treatment, mainly divided into experimental surgery and clinical surgery, of which clinical surgery contains more types, such as general surgery, orthopedics, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, urology, etc. I. Experimental surgery: mainly research the relationship between stem cell technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology and surgery and experimental research, as well as subdivision of clinical surgery-related specialist experiments. Clinical surgery: 1. General surgery: referred to as general surgery, mainly involves various diseases occurring in the abdominal cavity, such as splenic trauma, gallbladder stones, and ventral hernia, etc. The surgeries that can be performed include spleen repair, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and tension-free hernia repair, etc.; 2. Orthopedics: mainly involves fractures, lumbar disc herniation and joint dislocation, etc. The surgeries that can be performed include surgical treatment of fractures, hip joint replacement etc.; 3. Thoracic surgery: mainly involves lung tumor, pleurisy and rib trauma, etc. The surgical procedures that can be performed include closed drainage of the chest cavity, resection of benign tumors of the chest wall and incision and internal fixation of rib fractures, etc.; 4. Neurosurgery: mainly treats craniocerebral injuries, intracranial tumors, spinal and spinal cord diseases, etc. The surgical procedures that can be performed include interventional surgery, tumor resection and hematoma removal, etc.; 5. Urology: mainly involves urinary stones, kidney tumors, etc. The surgical procedures that can be performed include lithotripsy of bladder stones, radical resection of kidney tumors, etc.; 6. Plastic surgery: mainly involves diseases of skin, muscle and bone, the surgical procedures that can be performed include blepharoplasty (i.e. double eyelid surgery), rhinoplasty and breast reconstruction, etc. In addition, there is a reorganization of otorhinolaryngology and neck surgery into head and neck surgery, as well as burn surgery, vascular surgery, etc., and pediatric surgery for the pediatric population, and most of the rest are classified as general surgery. Some specialties are divided into some subspecialties, such as cardiothoracic surgery into general thoracic surgery and cardiac surgery, general surgery into thyroid, breast surgery, hepatobiliary surgery and gastrointestinal surgery, etc. There are many kinds of surgical development, and different diseases should find different specialties for treatment.