Surgical treatment Surgical treatment takes the method of surgical resection of tumor to treat tumor. Advanced tumor with distant metastasis and tumor with serious adhesion to important organs and large blood vessels are mostly inoperable. Chemotherapy is the main means of treating malignant tumors with chemical antitumor drugs. It is mainly applied to tumors sensitive to anticancer drugs and those in good physical condition. Patients before surgery, after surgery and those who cannot be operated are all indications for chemotherapy. The toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs mainly include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, bone marrow suppression, etc. Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Bu Zhixin 3. Radiotherapy Radiotherapy is the treatment of malignant tumors by using radiation. It is mainly applied to relatively limited, ray-sensitive tumors, or local palliative treatment of advanced tumors to relieve local symptoms. Radiotherapy may bring side effects such as radiation pneumonia and esophagitis. Interventional therapy Interventional therapy refers to the injection of chemical drugs through puncture needles or catheters inserted into human tumor lesions or tumor blood supply vessels under the guidance of X-ray machine, CT, B ultrasound and other equipment to achieve the purpose of treating tumors, such as arterial embolization chemotherapy for liver cancer. Side effects similar to those produced after systemic chemotherapy may also occur. V. Heat therapy Heat therapy is a physical method to treat tumor by heating. It uses the thermal effect generated by the precipitation of relevant physical energy in tumor tissues to heat the tissues to a temperature that can kill tumor cells, so as to achieve a method that not only destroys tumor cells but also does not damage (or less affect) normal tissues. Other therapies Biological, genetic and Chinese medicine therapies are mostly used as auxiliary applications or yet to be developed, and are mostly used in combination with chemotherapy drugs in clinical practice.