Anemia is defined as a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the body, and is diagnosed at sea level by WHO diagnostic criteria at levels below 110 g/L for children aged 6 months to 6 years and 120 g/L for children aged 6 – 14 years. Anemia is classified as hemolytic anemia (i.e., anemia with excessive destruction of red blood cells); blood loss anemia; and erythropoietic anemia, including nutritional anemia, aplastic anemia aplastic anemia and other diseases of the blood system. The treatment of anemia in children starts with specific treatment according to the different causes. The principles of treatment for iron deficiency anemia are to remove the cause and supplement iron, pay attention to care and prevention of infection, protect heart function in severe anemia, and eat a diet rich in iron and a reasonable combination of meals to facilitate iron absorption. In the treatment of removing the cause of the disease, the focus should be on correcting poor dietary habits, balancing the diet, and treating chronic blood loss diseases. Parents should be aware that anemia caused by acute blood loss and hemolysis should be treated urgently. In addition, chronic anemia can be aggravated by combined infections and stress, and can even affect respiration and circulation, and should be treated as soon as possible. For children with clear causes of anemia that are not serious, they can be followed up in the outpatient clinic if there are no complications.