Anemia is defined as lower than normal erythrocyte hemoglobin and hematocrit per unit volume of peripheral blood, or significantly lower than normal for either. The presence or absence of anemia is often measured clinically by erythrocyte hemoglobin. Most anemias in the neonatal period appear along with other symptoms and are easily overlooked. 1.Primary disease manifestation: such as blood loss disease may have blood in the stool, vomiting blood, blood oozing from the umbilicus, etc. Hemolytic anemia may be accompanied by xanthogranuloma. 2.Non-specific manifestations of anemia: pale face, pale lips, shortness of breath, apathy, feeding difficulties in severe cases. 3.Signs: (1) Pale face and pale lips. (2) Children with hemolysis may also have large liver and spleen and edema. (3) Children with acute blood loss have increased heart rate, fine pulse, decreased blood pressure, and shock. In conclusion, the manifestations of neonatal anemia are related to the etiology, the amount of blood loss and the speed of anemia. In addition to pallor, neonatal hemolysis is associated with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and even nuclear jaundice. Acute, massive bleeding may be accompanied by shortness of breath, increased heart rate, hypotension, and even shock. In addition to jaundice, internal hemorrhage may be accompanied by corresponding symptoms of the bleeding organ, such as neurological manifestations of intracranial hemorrhage and palpable masses in the abdomen of subperitoneal hemorrhage. Pallor of the skin and mucous membranes is the most common symptom and needs to be differentiated from the pallor of neonatal asphyxia.