1. Psychological care Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients often have a certain degree of mental pressure on radiotherapy, and often suffer from anxiety, depression, rejection and other psychological problems due to lack of understanding of the disease and fear of the disease, and lack of confidence in treatment, these negative emotions have adverse effects on the immune function of the body and accelerate the deterioration of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the characteristics of the disease, treatment plan, treatment effect, early reaction to radiotherapy and care to patients and their families, etc. We should be patient and caring when caring for patients, encourage them to establish confidence in overcoming the disease, and take different ways to solve each condition of patients. We also introduce radiotherapy physicians and equipment to patients, and patiently and meticulously explain to patients the precautions before radiotherapy and the purpose of examination. Such as conducting routine blood and liver and kidney function tests, and explaining that among the various treatments for nasopharyngeal cancer at present, radiotherapy is more effective and has a higher cure rate, and is still the main treatment worldwide, so that patients can have confidence in the treatment.
2. Skin care Skin damage is related to irradiation dose, irradiation area and radiation source. Generally, after 1O times of irradiation, the skin starts to be dry, itchy, swollen and painful. For patients with itchy skin, they should be distracted and told to scrub the local skin with a soft towel of warm water, not to scratch or tear off the local skin with hands, and to give non-irritating ointment for external application. Terminate radiation therapy immediately for patients with degree III and degree IV. If skin reaction of degree III occurs, skin blisters should appear 5 h and 8 h after the end of radiotherapy, respectively, immediately disinfect the blisters, draw out the exudate with a sterile syringe, put sterile petroleum jelly gauze on the trauma, protect the local skin, and keep the exudate and epidermal tissue for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test, use effective antibiotics intravenously to control the infection as early as possible, after the blisters are absorbed, that is, use exposed trauma therapy, keep After the blister is absorbed, the exposed wound therapy will be used to keep the local skin clean and dry, and the topical application of Mabel’s scald cream will significantly reduce the exudate after 1 week.
3, oral care As radiation is likely to cause salivary gland damage, resulting in oral mucosal congestion and edema, addressing the oral mucosal reaction is the most important part. In order to reduce these symptoms, you can always have a water bottle, often moisten the mouth, and drink more than 2500 ml of water per day. There is a dry and painful pharynx and hypopharynx, which worsen with the increasing amount of radiotherapy, and in severe cases, it can be difficult to swallow with dripping water. The nasopharynx, oral cavity and oropharyngeal mucosa, especially the soft palate, palatal arch and posterior pharyngeal wall, can be seen to be congested, eroded and bleeding, with white film formation. Most of the patients can tolerate the continued radiotherapy, can give a lot of vitamin B, vitamin A, vitamin E and so on orally, into the high protein diet, told the patient to keep the oral cavity clean, routine gargling with mouthwash, do a good job to explain, give psychological comfort, to be gradually reduced or disappeared after the radiotherapy reduction field.
4 .Dietary care In response to the patients’ gastrointestinal reactions, nursing staff explained the relationship between nutrition and disease recovery, encouraged patients to eat high-calorie, high vitamin food, such as: lean meat, beans, milk, fish and eggs, etc., pay attention to the color and flavor of food, create a good eating environment to enhance patients’ appetite, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and eat less fried, pickled, spicy and stimulating food. If the patient eats little or cannot eat, intravenous rehydration or parenteral nutrition can be given. By properly guiding the patient to eat reasonably and strengthen the resistance, in order to ensure the completion of radiotherapy as planned.