May 19, 2009 is the second World Hepatitis Day. “The main purpose of World Hepatitis Day is to raise public awareness of hepatitis B and C, especially among high-risk groups, and to promote the importance of hepatitis B and C among health care workers and governments. Currently, few hospitals routinely test for anti-HCV as a part of hospitalization, and even fewer test for anti-HCV when they accidentally injure themselves in the hospital. Statistics show that the number of reported cases of hepatitis C in China almost quadrupled in the last 6 years from 2003 to 2008, but the number of patients with hepatitis C currently detected is probably only a small fraction of the large number of patients with hepatitis C. A large number of patients with hepatitis C are still undetected. Making anti-HCV testing a routine inpatient test, especially a routine preoperative test, is an important measure to effectively combat hepatitis C and effectively curb the trend of hepatitis C transmission, as well as a necessary action for surgeons to protect themselves from infection. Nearly half of the physicians did not refer anti-HCV positive patients, but only informed the patients and informed the relevant hospital departments, or did not handle them. In the current state of low public awareness of hepatitis C, it is clear that simply informing patients and informing hospital authorities is not enough. Chronic hepatitis C has a 20% chance of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer if left untreated. As long as a person is HCV-RNA positive for hepatitis C, even if the patient has no symptoms and normal liver function, they should receive standardized treatment. Most hepatitis C patients can be completely cured if early detection and standardized antiviral treatment are carried out early. When an anti-HCV-positive patient is found, as a physician, it is your responsibility and obligation to inform the patient of his or her condition, briefly introduce the prevention and treatment of hepatitis C, and ask the patient to visit a specialist or ask a specialist to consult with him or her to avoid delaying the condition or causing further transmission of hepatitis C. In the current context of tension between doctors and patients, asking patients with hepatitis C to see a specialist is also necessary for doctors to protect themselves from medical disputes. Regarding the treatment of hepatitis C, many non-infectious physicians believe that hepatitis C is incurable or has a very low cure rate; in fact, most patients with hepatitis C can be completely cured if detected early and treated with standardized antiviral therapy. In fact, hepatitis C antibodies do not have the effect of neutralizing or eliminating the invading virus; such antibodies are not protective. Once a patient is infected with the hepatitis C virus, the destruction of liver cells by the virus continues until cirrhosis or malignant transformation into liver cancer occurs. There are no healthy carriers of the virus in hepatitis C. Only early detection and treatment can mitigate the destruction of liver cells by the virus. Hepatitis C can be completely cured in more than 70% of patients if it is detected and treated early with antiviral therapy. Article 31 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases states that “any unit or individual who finds a patient with an infectious disease or a patient suspected of having an infectious disease shall promptly report to the nearby disease prevention and control institution or medical institution.” Article 77 “units and individuals in violation of the provisions of this law, resulting in the spread of infectious diseases, epidemic, causing damage to the person and property of others, shall bear civil liability.” And our survey shows that nearly half of the doctors do not refer patients after finding anti-HCV-positive patients. This will certainly lead to delay in the patient’s condition, as well as further spread of hepatitis C.