The basic principle of drug analgesic treatment is to prefer non-invasive administration of drug coating path (oral, transdermal, etc.) for long-term administration, convenient oral administration, easier to adjust the dose, increase patient autonomy and intravenous injection is equally effective, not easy to addiction, not easy to drug resistance Some patients have persistent vomiting, transdermal or rectal administration can be given according to the step of drug administration refers to the use of stronger analgesics according to the degree of pain, according to the order of the step way (see the pain relief ladder) first Non-opioids are used, and weak opioids are used if pain relief cannot be achieved; strong opioids should be used if pain relief is still not achieved. Non-opioids may enhance the effect of opioids, especially for those with bone pain. Additional adjuvant medications may be used in special cases. Administer medications at the prescribed intervals, not on demand. The next dose should be given before the previous dose has completely worn off, regardless of whether the patient is experiencing an episode of pain at the time of administration, and should not wait for pain to appear before administering the next dose! Administer the drug on time to provide a smooth analgesic drug concentration, to ensure continuous pain relief, to avoid inadequate or excessive analgesia, and to avoid rapid tolerance of the drug dose by the patient. Individualized dosing Because of the wide variation in sensitivity among individuals, there is no standard dosage of opioids; whatever provides pain relief with minimal side effects is the optimal dosage. Pay attention to the specific details of pain relief and adverse reactions after the start of pain treatment to obtain the best efficacy and minimal adverse effects.