Pilon fracture 1. concept In 1911, Dr. Destot, a French radiologist, first used the term pilon fracture. pilon in Latin means a pestle and mortar used for pounding, and the distal tibia resembles it, so a comminuted fracture involving the articular surface of the distal tibia is called a pilon fracture. in 1952, it was described as the destruction of the ankle dome, and this fracture accounts for about 1% of the fractures of the lower extremities and 10% of the fractures of the tibia. It accounts for 3-10% of tibial fractures. 2. Mechanism of injury Generally speaking, two different mechanisms of injury lead to fracture, and their prognosis is different. One is low-energy injury, due to sports or fall from a low place, the distal tibia is mainly spiral shear injury, this injury joint surface damage is light, the prognosis is better; the other is high-energy injury, fall from a high place or motor vehicle traffic accident, the talus like a hammer, with very high speed impact on the distal tibia, resulting in joint surface inversion rupture, metaphyseal bone crushing joint surface serious damage, fracture alignment is poor, the prognosis is The prognosis is not good. Type I is a T-shaped split fracture with no obvious displacement of the articular surface; Type II is a moderate comminuted fracture with splitting of the articular surface and obvious displacement of the fracture line; and Type III is a compression fracture with severe comminution of the articular surface and epiphysis of the distal tibia.AO typing describes in detail the distal tibial fracture: Type A is an extra-articular fracture, Type B is a partial intra-articular fracture, and Type C is a complete intra-articular fractures with comminuted displacement of the epiphysis, with type B3 and C1, C2, and C3 being the only pilon fractures.