Interventional therapy is an emerging treatment method between surgical and medical treatment, including endovascular and non-vascular interventions. With the development in recent decades, it is now called the three pillar disciplines along with surgery and internal medicine. The concept of interventional therapy refers to a technique of minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of diseases by percutaneous puncture under the guidance of imaging equipment (angiography, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, B ultrasound, etc.) and the use of puncture needles, catheters, stents and other devices. A major branch of interventional therapy is peripheral vascular intervention, which refers to the technique of diagnosing or treating blood vessels other than intracranial vessels and coronary vessels of the heart via the vascular puncture route under the guidance of medical imaging equipment, excluding the technique of diagnosing or treating oncological diseases via the vascular route. Peripheral vascular disease is called vascular disease in Chinese medicine. The incidence of these diseases has increased significantly in recent years, such as arterial stenosis, arteriovenous thrombosis, and aneurysm. Peripheral arterial stenosis occlusive lesions, commonly seen in atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, aortitis, etc., mainly manifest as decreased skin temperature, muscle atrophy, inability to feel a pulse or weakened pulse, intermittent claudication, and in severe cases, distal limb necrosis or even amputation, which is life-threatening in serious cases; venous thrombotic disease, which can cause blood flow stasis and swelling in the affected limb, as well as the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism. Aneurysmal disease carries the risk of hemorrhage and death from ruptured aneurysms at any time. Peripheral vascular disease has a high disability and mortality rate, and the effect of medical treatment is minimal, while surgical treatment is invasive and limited. 1964, Dotter, an American physician, pioneered an interventional approach to peripheral vascular disease without surgery, and in 1972, Gnuntzig invented the double-lumen balloon catheter to mature this technology. Since then, laser angioplasty, kinetic angioplasty (spin mill catheter), endovascular stenting, ultrasound angioplasty, gene therapy and endovascular radiation therapy have been developed to prevent postoperative restenosis. The continuous progress of treatment methods, the indications are expanding, and the treatment effect is significantly improved. The devices will be compounded, bio-one drug, and the operation will be more simplified. At present, balloon catheters and endovascular stents will remain the main therapeutic tools. In the future, endovascular radiation therapy and gene therapy will be the main focus of treatment to prevent restenosis. Therefore, more and more peripheral vascular diseases can be treated by percutaneous vascular interventions, the advantages of which cannot be replaced by drug and surgical treatments. At present, interventional treatment of peripheral vascular diseases in China is also being used more and more widely in clinical practice. Interventional treatment has the advantages of simplicity, safety, minimally invasive, less comorbidity, accurate positioning and repeatability. The scope of interventional treatment for peripheral vascular diseases has developed from the original limb arteries to the large arteries as well as veins, and even almost all the blood vessels of the whole body. The most successful interventions are currently performed on the iliac and femoral arteries, renal artery and inferior vena cava stenosis. The scope of interventional treatment is mainly for three major categories of diseases: stenosis or occlusion, vasodilation and vascular malformation. The current interventional treatment methods for peripheral vascular disease include balloon angioplasty and vascular stent placement. The best indication for balloon angioplasty is limited, isolated short-segment stenosis in medium-sized or large vessels, followed by multiple, scattered short-segment stenoses and occlusions. Long segmental stenoses or occlusions, small vessel lesions, ulcerative stenoses, or stenoses or occlusive lesions with existing calcification are not suitable for PTA treatment. Stenting is the placement of an endoprosthesis in the lesion based on balloon dilatation and shaping of the lumen to support the stenotic and occluded segment, reduce elastic retraction and remodeling of the vessel, and maintain luminal blood flow. Some of the endoprostheses also have the effect of preventing restenosis. In addition, interventional catheter thrombectomy and indwelling catheter contact thrombolysis are feasible for arteriovenous thrombosis, which is less risky, less complications, more tolerable to patients, and more effective than medical medication compared to surgical procedures. For the treatment of aneurysms, the choice of overlapping stents to isolate the aneurysm for local endoluminal angioplasty, while maintaining the patency of the vascular lumen, greatly reduces the risk of aneurysm rupture and bleeding. With the continuous development of interventional radiology, peripheral vascular interventions have undergone the process from percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to the development of dynamic angioplasty, laser angioplasty and endovascular stenting, with good results; from the 1990s to the present, in order to effectively prevent restenosis after interventional treatment (restenosis rate of 30%), gene therapy and endovascular The research and application of gene therapy and intravascular radiotherapy have achieved certain results, and research in this area will continue in the 21st century. It is foreseeable that with the continuous progress of interventional devices and new technologies, the expansion of interventional scope, and the continuous improvement of interventional treatment methods, peripheral vascular interventions will play an increasingly important role in clinical treatment.