Infants and children have poor defense function and immature lung development, so the incidence is highest within 2 years of age, mostly secondary to upper respiratory tract infections and acute infectious diseases, and is most common in winter and spring. The incidence is based on coughing and sputum or wheezing for 3 months each year for 2 years or more, and other cardiopulmonary disorders can be excluded. Bacterial pneumonia is mainly caused by pneumococcus, while viral pneumonia is mainly caused by adenovirus. So what are the diagnoses of diseases associated with chronic cough and sputum and wheezing in winter and spring? 1. Acute bronchitis: systemic symptoms are mild, usually without obvious symptoms of respiratory distress and hypoxia, and the lungs are heard with medium to wet rales, which are mostly variable and change with coughing. 2. Acute cornual tuberculosis: Cornual tuberculosis may also show symptoms similar to pneumonia such as high fever, shortness of breath, cough, cyanosis, etc., but the pulmonary rales are often not obvious. 3. Bronchial foreign body: A history of foreign body inhalation, sudden choking and coughing, combined with chest X-ray can be distinguished, and fibrinoscopy is feasible if necessary. Drug-induced cough is commonly associated with ACEI and beta-blockers, with an incidence of about 15%. It occurs 24 hours or months after drug administration, more in women than men, and may be related to increased sensitivity of cough receptors. It resolves after several days to 4 weeks of drug discontinuation; after excluding these factors, psychogenic cough can be considered and is associated with negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, and sadness. It is characterized by a barking or goose cough, an irritating dry cough, often accompanied by clear throat sounds. The cough is not associated with food or water intake. Infectious cough can gradually evolve into a psychogenic cough.