Brief description of the case: Male, 75 years old. Low back pain with radiating pain in the left lower extremity for 6 months, aggravated for 2 months. It radiates from the left buttock to the posterior of the left thigh and lateral calf, with numbness in the left calf. The patient had significant pain in the past 2 months, which affected sleep. Examination: posterior extension of the lumbar spine was limited, pressure pain at the exit of the sciatic nerve in the left buttock (+), reduced dorsiflexion of the left [toe and pedicle (grade IV), straight leg raise test of the left lower limb (+). Imaging data: lumbar spine X-ray suggested lumbar degeneration, and lumbar spine CT and MRI suggested L4-5 spinal stenosis. Diagnosis: lumbar spinal stenosis (L4-5). Treatment: posterior lumbar 4-5 spinal canal decompression, pedicle screw internal fixation, and posterior lateral implant fusion. Interpretation by Dr. Yu: With the advent of an aging society, more and more elderly people are suffering from degenerative spinal diseases (including lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar disc herniation, osteoporotic vertebral fracture, cervical spondylosis, degenerative scoliosis, etc.), which seriously affects their quality of life. Many elderly people could have retired and enjoyed their lives while their children were growing up and their grandchildren were full of children and grandchildren, but unfortunately, they suffer from the pain and suffering caused by spinal diseases, and there is no way to talk about a happy life. Even more unfortunate is the lack of knowledge about spinal disorders and excessive concern about spinal surgery, which makes them afraid of surgical treatment; whereas many degenerative spinal diseases can be well relieved by surgery, thus improving the quality of life. The present case is a very common case of lumbar spinal stenosis with a very definite surgical outcome. Although the patient was 75 years old, he had a very optimistic and positive attitude toward life, so he took the doctor’s advice very well. We do not advocate surgery for all patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, but for patients with clear indications for surgery, the efficacy of surgery is superior to conservative treatment. This is a result that has been confirmed by clinical studies (published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the most prestigious American journal).