What tests are needed to diagnose coronary artery disease?

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a heart disease caused by atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries, resulting in narrowing or blockage of the lumen of the arteries, causing myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or necrosis, and is often referred to as coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the scope of coronary heart disease may be broader, including inflammation, embolism and other causes of lumen narrowing or occlusion. The World Health Organization classifies coronary heart disease into five major categories: asymptomatic myocardial ischemia (insidious coronary heart disease), angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart failure (ischemic heart disease) and sudden death. In clinical practice, they are often divided into stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes. What tests are needed to diagnose coronary heart disease? 1, electrocardiogram: electrocardiogram is a rapid, simple, safe and effective non-invasive examination method, all patients should do electrocardiogram when they feel chest tightness, palpitations, panic, dizziness, blurred vision, discomfort or pain in the precordial area and other symptoms. At present, ECG has been widely used by doctors. Like other examination methods, ECG is not a panacea, because it only records the electrical activity of the heart on the body surface, just as the telescope is used to look at the distant scenery, which may not always be seen very clearly. For example, when the left and right ventricles are enlarged, the two currents in opposite directions can cancel each other out, and the ECG recorded at that time may be “normal”. Therefore, in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, the ECG is only of reference value, and large-scale clinical studies have found that only 60% of patients with coronary artery disease will have an abnormal ECG. Patients with normal ECG may have very serious heart disease and should not be taken lightly, while those with abnormal ECG may be related to neuromodulation and postural changes, so there is no need to be alarmed. A considerable number of patients do not suffer from coronary heart disease, just according to the ECG T wave or ST segment changes, and was hastily diagnosed as coronary heart disease, no scientific basis. There are also some patients with recurrent chest tightness and shortness of breath, which are actually cardiac neurosis. 2, exercise test: exercise test is also known as cardiac activity plate, for the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease, as well as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction patients, the treatment effect of patients, the patient’s prognosis, the assessment of cardiac function, there is a more reliable objective according to. It is an easy and reliable way to screen and evaluate coronary heart disease. The active and steady development of exercise plate test and 12-lead dynamic electrocardiogram can find more high-risk groups of ischemic heart disease and other diseases, and take effective preventive and curative measures at an early stage, which can effectively reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death. Exercise test results are categorized into negative and positive, and those with positive results should undergo further coronary CT imaging and coronary angiography. 3, coronary CT imaging: the heart as an organ of motion, was “mechanical” CT (non-helical CT and single-layer helical CT) clinical application of the blind spot, which is mainly due to the low temporal resolution of CT, can not “freeze” the heart beat. the end of the 20th century, the development of MSCT to realize the rapidity of the heart beat. The MSCT developed in the late 20th century realized fast spiral scanning (≤0.5 sec/revolution), and through retrospective ECG-gated thin-layer data acquisition and image reconstruction algorithms for cardiac sectors (single-, double-, or multisector), the temporal resolution was significantly improved, and excellent coronary artery images could be obtained through 2D and 3D image reconstruction. 64-row helical CT coronary imaging is a safe, simple, and reliable method of noninvasive examination of coronary artery lesions, and it is also a reliable method of noninvasive examination of coronary artery lesions, and it has been used in many other clinical applications. CT coronary imaging is a safe, simple, reliable and non-invasive method of coronary artery lesion examination, which can visualize the important stenosis lesions, bridge vessel lesions and opening deformity lesions in the main coronary arteries with high accuracy in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and the diagnostic rate of calcified lesions is higher than that of coronary artery angiography, so it can be used as a non-invasive means of screening for high-risk groups of coronary artery disease and a regular means of post-stenting coronary artery follow up. Although the development of coronary CT imaging technology has greatly promoted the development of noninvasive coronary imaging technology. However, the diagnostic quality of coronary imaging depends largely on the spatial and temporal resolution of the images, and is also susceptible to fluctuations in the patient’s heart rate and respiratory motion during scanning. Therefore, coronary CT imaging can be used as a means of further screening for coronary artery disease as well as follow-up observation, and cannot completely replace coronary angiography at present. The above auxiliary tests are all means of further diagnosis of coronary artery disease, and have a certain reference value in clinical practice, but some patients still need to undergo coronary angiography for final diagnosis.