Most esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, followed by adenocarcinomas, while adenosarcomas and carcinosarcomas are less common. Esophageal cancer mostly occurs in the middle and lower segments, but less in the upper segment, which is often complicated by esophageal cancer. With the development of the disease, it is easy to form esophageal fistula at the later stage, and once there is esophageal fistula, it is more troublesome than esophageal cancer. Without doubt, prevention of esophageal cancer is the most fundamental measure to control esophageal fistula. Preventive measures include the following aspects: 1. change bad living and eating habits: reduce smoking and drinking; don’t eat food that is too hot and less stimulating food. 2. 2.Do not eat fermented and moldy food; do a good job in preventing and detoxifying food; reduce the intake of nitrite; encourage more vegetables and fruits. 3.In areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer, manage water sources well, prevent water pollution and improve water quality; promote micronutrient fertilizers to correct the lack of selenium, molybdenum and other elements in the soil. 4.For those who usually have the habit of eating sauerkraut and drinking alcohol, once early symptoms of esophageal cancer appear, they should undergo relevant examination as soon as possible for early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. As the saying goes, “three feet of ice is not a day’s cold”, the development of esophageal cancer does not happen overnight, so we should pay more attention to protection in order to keep our body healthy and away from esophageal cancer. The development of esophageal cancer is not a day’s work.