1.Indications (1) Diagnosis of the etiology of acute and chronic abdominal pain of unknown origin. (2) Exploration of abdominal injury (hemodynamic stability). (3) Staging of abdominal malignant tumors. (4) Biopsy and differential diagnosis of liver diseases. (5) Differential diagnosis of ascites. 2. Contraindications (1) Severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. (2) Hemodynamic instability. (3) Coagulation dysfunction that is difficult to correct. (4) Severe liver dysfunction, prehepatic coma or massive ascites. (5) Severe intra-abdominal wall and intra-abdominal cavity infection. (6) History of multiple abdominal surgeries with estimated extensive intra-abdominal adhesions. (7) Large hiatal hernia. (8) Transverse septal rupture. (9) Mechanical or paralytic intestinal obstruction.