How long is the course of anti-tuberculosis treatment? Simply put, it starts at six months for pulmonary TB and one year for extrapulmonary TB. Since the birth of rifampicin, the treatment of tuberculosis has entered the era of short-course chemotherapy. How short is it, six months! Half a year is short enough, and although some foreigners are doing trials in the hope of having ultra-short-course chemotherapy regimens, so far there have been no satisfactory results. Another frustrating fact is that in recent years, with the increase of drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is a tendency to lengthen the course of tuberculosis, and the treatment of tuberculosis is already longerthanlonger! Tuberculosis bacteria are divided into four groups according to their metabolic status, ABCD. group A is the main pathogenic bacteria, BC is often the source of relapse. group D is harmless. Therefore, the aim of treatment is to kill the ABC. If the drug is sensitive, most of the group A bacteria are usually eliminated in 2-3 weeks, and after 2-3 months of intensive treatment, they are basically eliminated. BC is not so easy to be killed, therefore, a consolidation period of 4-6 months is usually needed to eliminate BC. Therefore, such a long course of treatment is not set by any doctor, but by our predecessors after many years of experience and lessons learned. Therefore, do not shorten the course of treatment easily. The whole course of treatment, which is also one of the five principles of anti-TB treatment, aims to improve the cure rate and reduce the relapse rate and drug resistance rate. I hope patients will persist, persistence is victory! Another reminder is that the current short course of chemotherapy (six months) is only suitable for pulmonary tuberculosis and not for the treatment of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.