In recent years, thyroid disorders have become the second most common disease of the endocrine system, and the incidence is rising. According to the latest data, there are at least 10 million hyperthyroid patients in China. About 20% to 50% of these hyperthyroid patients will develop hyperthyroidism combined with proptosis, medically known as thyroid-related ophthalmopathy TAO. Thyroid disorders have become the most common endocrine metabolic disease, accounting for more than half of all endocrinology outpatient visits in tertiary hospitals and 19.3% in secondary hospitals. Among them, hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism), thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) are the top three types of diseases. Among them, proptosis is a common clinical manifestation in hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is one of the most common orbital disorders in adults. Although this orbital disease is called thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, not all hyperthyroid proptosis is accompanied by thyroid dysfunction. About 75-80% of patients with proptosis have hyperthyroidism, while only about 20% have normal thyroid function and less than 5% have hypothyroidism. Thyroid-related ophthalmopathy can lead to protrusion of the eye and incomplete eyelid closure in mild cases, or diplopia, vision loss or even blindness in severe cases. It has been more than 200 years since its discovery, but the exact pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear. What has been established is that it is related to dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. For patients with abnormal thyroid-related eye disease, treatment of thyroid disease is as important as treatment of hyperthyroidism proptosis. Some patients have proptosis that lasts for several years or even longer,” says Dr. K. K. “Some doctors have insufficient treatment experience and neglect the treatment of proptosis, causing patients to miss the best time for treatment. The earlier thyroid-related eye disease is treated, the better the outcome. When it reaches the stage of cellular hyperplasia, it becomes difficult to retract the proptosis through medication. For patients who do not have hyperthyroidism at the time of diagnosis, thyroid function should still be checked regularly, as a small number of patients may still have hyperthyroidism several years later. Most thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is mild and generally does not require treatment, but approximately 5% of patients will progress to severe and require intervention. It is important to note that patients with hyperthyroidism with proptosis have more or less altered appearance, which is a great psychological burden to them. The physical and psychological pain caused by proptosis is greater than the disease itself. It is understood that the main treatments for thyroid-related eye disease are hormone therapy, radiation therapy and surgery, as well as some adjuvant treatments. Treatment options for thyroid-related eye disease vary in severity and presentation. Normal-functioning thyroid-related ophthalmopathy is easily misdiagnosed by ophthalmologists and delayed in treatment. It is easily confused with orbital inflammatory pseudotumors and is often difficult to differentiate without orbital ultrasound and orbital CT or magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with clearly diagnosed hyperthyroidism should be promptly examined by an ophthalmologist for the presence of thyroid-related eye disease. Patients with long-term unexplained tearing, photophobia, eye swelling, visual fatigue and eyes that are more prominent than before should be suspected of having thyroid-related eye disease. Smoking is also an important risk factor for the progression of thyroid-related eye disease, and patients need to refuse active or passive smoking. Patients who smoke have a 5-fold greater incidence of proptosis compared to nonsmokers and are also less sensitive to treatment. In addition, some studies have shown that people with type A personalities who are always in a stressful, stress-prone social environment are also prone to thyroid-related eye disease. Therefore, maintaining mental health is an important tool in the prevention and treatment of thyroid-related eye disease. Curing thyroid-related eye disease takes a long time and is accompanied by many agitated symptoms. Patients have high mood swings, and mental shock and stress may cause proptosis symptoms to worsen, and relieving mental stress can help the disease recover.