Common malignant tumors of the digestive system include esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and so on. With the process of industrialization, as well as the improvement of people’s living standard and changes in lifestyle and diet structure, the overall incidence of malignant tumors of the digestive system is on the rise, but the standardized incidence rates of common cancers in different parts of the body are increasing and decreasing. The standardized incidence rates of stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer continue to decrease, while colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer continue to increase. With the continuous improvement of treatment, it has been recognized that malignant tumors can be prevented and controlled. 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced the inclusion of tumors into the category of chronic diseases, and experts reached a consensus that the occurrence of tumors is a long process, and strengthening disease prevention can reduce the incidence of tumors, and early detection and early treatment are of great significance. Tumors have been known in the history of human diseases for a long time, and the understanding of tumors (including malignant tumors of digestive system) in Chinese medicine can be said to have a long history. As early as in Yinxu oracle bone inscription, the name of “cancer” was recorded. More than 2,000 years ago, the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, a Chinese medical text, already recorded diseases such as tendon tumor and intestinal tumor, with more detailed records on the causes, pathology, names and symptoms of tumors. How do tumors occur according to Chinese medicine? There is a very famous viewpoint in Huang Di Nei Jing: “When the righteousness exists within, evil cannot be destroyed. If these functions and abilities are normal, various disease-causing factors outside the body cannot invade the body and cause diseases. This is also true for the development of tumor. Long-term worry, excessive mental tension, poor diet and living habits, aging of the body and other internal factors, coupled with the invasion of external pathogenic factors (so-called external evil), affect the normal physiological functions and the ability to prevent and resist diseases, causing internal qi and blood stagnation and stagnation, which eventually induces tumor. Chinese medicine treatment for malignant tumors of digestive system mainly adopts the combination of supporting the positive and eliminating the evil, and treats both the symptoms and the root cause. The elimination of evil is aimed at the tumor itself, while the support of positive can restore the body’s function and improve the ability to prevent and resist diseases, which ultimately achieves “replenishing deficiency without leaving evil and eliminating evil without harming positive”. Modern pharmacological research has confirmed that the effects of Chinese medicine in treating malignant tumors of digestive system mainly include: anti-mutation, anti-initiation and anti-metastasis; regulating biological response (such as regulating immune function); cytotoxic effect of directly killing tumor cells; inducing tumor cell death; anti-tumor vascular proliferation to slow down the growth of tumor; regulating the expression of specific genes; sensitizing effect on radiotherapy and improving the effect of radiotherapy. etc. Clinical studies have confirmed that TCM treatment for malignant tumors of the digestive system can reduce the adverse effects of radiotherapy, improve the efficacy of radiotherapy, improve symptoms, promote recovery, improve quality of life, and prolong survival time. These studies have confirmed the feasibility and scientific validity of TCM in treating malignant tumors of the digestive system. TCM treatment of digestive system malignant tumors can be carried out throughout the disease process, and can use both Chinese and Western medicine combined methods, as well as purely TCM means. One of the characteristics of TCM treatment is evidence-based treatment, which can be combined with Western medicine treatment of disease identification to consider both the overall situation of the patient and the local condition. Combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment is mainly used when the patient receives chemotherapy or radiotherapy, or after surgery with Chinese medicine treatment, so as to increase the effectiveness (enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy) and reduce the toxicity (reduce the adverse effects of radiotherapy), improve the patient’s quality of life and prolong the survival. Chinese medicine treatment alone is suitable for patients who cannot tolerate radiotherapy and cannot undergo surgery as a means of palliative treatment. For patients who have successfully undergone radical surgery and completed radiotherapy, receiving TCM treatment can also improve the body’s ability to prevent and resist disease and reduce the chance of tumor recurrence.