Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Autoimmune dysfunction is its pathogenesis. Although it is a systemic disease, it is mainly characterized by joint swelling and pain, especially the small joints of both hands appear stiff, swollen and painful in the early stage, and deformity and ankylosis in the late stage, called rheumatoid hands. Chinese medicine believes that the disease is externally attacked by wind, cold and dampness, and internally due to deficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood, resulting in meridian blockage, Qi and blood stagnation, then for swelling for pain. “The liver is the main tendon, the kidney is the main bone”, a long time disease evil invasion of tendons and bones, coupled with a long illness must be deficient to the liver and kidney more deficient, can not moisten the tendons and bones, there are tendon contracture, bone starvation, the formation of joints should be deformed.
A, self-tui na exercise.
1, shaking method: every morning after waking up, adhere to the self-shaking wrist, finger palm, interphalangeal joints to achieve the effect of swelling and pain, maintain and help restore the normal function of the joint.
2.Twisting method: insist on twisting the ten finger joints with both hands alternately every day, and pressing and rubbing the joints and related acupuncture points to relieve spasm, pain and reduce swelling.
Second, self-care.
Because the hands are often exposed to the outside, the most extensive contact with the outside world, the most susceptible to hand wind, cold and dampness. So patients should usually pay attention to hand warmth, wind, moisture. Attention should also be paid to maintaining the normal functional posture of the joints to avoid ankylosing deformities.
What should patients with rheumatic diseases pay attention to when cooking food?
While providing nutrition to the body, food, if cooked properly, also plays a role in the treatment of disease, that is, the role of dietary therapy. Where the food used for dietary therapy, generally should not be fried, baked, boiled, burst and other cooking methods, in order to prevent its active ingredients too much to be destroyed. Or make its nature change and lose the role of food on the disease should be. Therapeutic food should be steamed, stewed, boiled, soup and other methods. Food therapy should be carried out in small quantities and in a long flow, and not too much at one time to avoid damaging the function of the spleen and stomach.
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Daily life precautions.
Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, especially for those who are sensitive to sunlight. It is better to arrange outdoor activities in the morning or evening, and avoid going out from 10 am to 4 pm when the sunlight is strong. When you go out, you should use sun blockers, wear umbrellas or broad-brimmed hats, and wear light-colored long-sleeved tops and long pants.
1, do not eat or eat less food with enhanced photosensitivity: such as figs, purple clover, rape, yellow mud snail and celery, such as after eating should avoid sunlight. Mushrooms such as mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms and certain food dyes and tobacco can also have the potential to induce SLE, also try not to eat or eat less. Eat less spicy foods: chili peppers, green peppers, shallots, etc. They are not triggers of SLE, but can aggravate the symptoms of gastrointestinal side effects of treatment drugs. Thirdly, soybeans are not suitable for consumption because they are not high-quality protein and contain hormone ingredients. Patients with lupus nephritis and increased serum urea nitrogen are contraindicated to eat them.
2. Low-fat diet: SLE patients are taking hormones for a long time and have abnormal lipid metabolism, so they should eat light and easily digestible food, and should not eat fatty and greasy food.
3, low sugar diet: SLE patients taking long-term glucocorticoids, easy to cause steroidal diabetes and Cushing’s syndrome, so we should control the amount of meals and eat less food with high sugar content.
4. Supplement calcium to prevent osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoids; eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins.
In a word, the diet of SLE patients should be light, low salt, low fat, high protein and more fruits containing potassium, such as bananas, apples, oranges and tomatoes. If the patient has renal failure, do not eat the above-mentioned fruits.
Gout
A. Dietary considerations for gout patients.
Gout patients should eat more low purine food, eat less medium purine food, do not eat high purine food, but also pay attention not to drink alcohol. Low purine food: grains and cereals, eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables; medium purine food: meat, beans, seafood; high purine food: bean sprouts, soybean sprouts, asparagus, mushrooms, purple cabbage, animal offal, fish. Gout is often complicated by obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, patients should observe the following dietary principles.
1, maintain the ideal weight, overweight or obese should reduce weight. However, weight reduction should be gradual, otherwise it will easily lead to ketosis or acute attacks of gout.
2, carbohydrates can promote uric acid excretion, patients can eat carbohydrate-rich rice, steamed buns, pasta, etc.
3, protein can be taken according to the weight, according to the proportion, 1 kg of body weight should be taken 0.8 grams to 1 gram of protein, and milk, eggs as the main. If it is lean meat, chicken and duck meat, etc., should be boiled and go to soup to eat, avoid eating stewed meat or marinated meat.
4, eat less fat, because fat can reduce uric acid excretion. For those who have gout with hyperlipidemia, fat intake should be controlled to within 20% to 25% of total calories.
5, drink a lot of water, should drink 2000ml to 3000ml of water daily to promote the elimination of uric acid.
6, eat less salt, should be limited to 2 grams to 5 grams per day.
7.No alcohol! Alcohol tends to make the body lactic acid accumulation, has an inhibitory effect on uric acid discharge, easy to induce gout.
8, less use of strong stimulating condiments or spices.
9.Limit purine intake. Purine is a component of the cell nucleus, as long as the food containing cells contains purine, animal food has more purine content. Patients are forbidden to eat offal, bone marrow, seafood, fermented foods, beans, etc.
10. Drugs that inhibit uric acid excretion should not be used.
Second, the prevention of gout diet.
1, abstain from eating foods high in purines: animal offal (liver, intestine, kidney, brain), seafood (abalone, crab, lobster, salmon, sardine, tuna, carp, sea bass, trout, cod), shellfish, meat (beef, sheep, duck, goose, pigeon), soy food, lentils, spinach, cauliflower, asparagus, mushrooms, gumbo, wheat bark.
2, abstain from eating foods high in cholesterol: animal offal (liver, intestines, kidneys, brain), fatty meat, squid, fish, cuttlefish
3, abstain from alcohol: do not drink alcohol, especially beer, Shaoxing wine.
Once the blood alcohol concentration up to 200mg/dl, lactic acid in the blood will increase with the oxidation process of ethanol, so that the kidney excretion of uric acid is blocked, resulting in an increase in uric acid in the blood.
4, quit eating acidic food, such as coffee, fried food, high-fat food. The imbalance of acid and alkaline will affect the body function and increase the burden of liver and kidney.
Three, the appropriate food.
1, eat more high potassium food, such as bananas, broccoli, celery, etc.. Potassium can reduce the precipitation of uric acid and help to discharge uric acid out of the body. Take plenty of alkaline food, such as kelp, cabbage, celery, cucumber, apples, tomatoes and other fruits.
2, eat more kidney-strengthening food. Chinese medicine believes that kidney-strengthening foods can help excrete uric acid, so you can drink a decoction of “six flavors of Dihuang” (Shu Di, Cornu, Yam, Ze Di, Dan Pi, Poria) to nourish the yin and tonify the kidneys.
Ankylosing spondylitis
Functional exercise for patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
1, stirrup air flexion and extension method
Action essentials: patients lying on their backs, hands on the side of the body, or support the bed, the torso and upper limbs do not move, both lower limbs alternately flexing the hip and knee, the lower leg hanging in the air, like pedaling a bicycle for 3 to 5 minutes, the number of times gradually increased.
Indications: Patients with muscle atrophy of the affected limb, limited hip and knee flexion function, unable to walk on crutches.
2.Straight leg elevation method
Action elements: patients lying on their backs, hands on the side of the body, or hold on the side of the bed, the torso and upper limbs do not move, the affected limb straight hip flexion upward lift, the lower leg hanging in the air. Slowly lift, slowly lower, alternating legs, 3-5 exercises each time, 3-5 times a day, the number of times gradually increased.
Indications: Patients with obvious atrophy of the quadriceps muscle of the affected limb, limited hip flexion function and unable to walk on crutches.
3.Supine knee hold method
Action elements: patients lying on their backs, the affected limb hip flexion, knee flexion, hands forked fingers together palm hold the front of the proximal tibia, pull the affected limb to the chest with force, for 1 minute, repeat the above action, alternating legs, each exercise 3-5, 3-5 times a day, the number of times gradually increased, hip flexion force and amplitude gradually increased.
Indications: Muscle atrophy of the affected limb, narrowing of the hip joint space, and severe limitation of flexion function. Patients who cannot walk on crutches.
4.4 words downward pressure method
Action elements: the patient lies on his back or sits on the bed, the left affected limb is straight, the right affected limb is bent at the knee, hip flexion, abduction, the foot rests on the upper or lower end of the knee of the left leg, press down the right knee joint with the right hand. Each time, ask for slow downward pressure, each lasting 1 minute, repeat the above movements, alternating legs, 3-5 exercises each time, 3-5 times a day. The number of times gradually increases, the force and amplitude gradually increase, avoid rapid downward pressure and force, so as not to strain the soft tissue.
Indications: The affected limb hip joint gap narrowing, abduction function is severely limited, hip joint osteoarthritis is heavy, crutches can not walk patients.
5, squatting method of holding things
Action elements: hands outstretched, holding the fixed object, the body upright, the body and the fixed object half-arm distance, feet apart and shoulder width, or try to separate the feet, slowly squatting, squatting 3-5 minutes before standing up. 1-3 each time, 5 times a day.
Indications: Patients with mild functional limitation of squatting at the hip joint.