Why do I need a chromosome test?
According to some data, about 40% of spontaneous miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus.
Many women who miscarry due to chromosomal abnormalities ask their doctors the same question: Why did the fetus miscarry due to chromosomal abnormalities when both they and their husbands were fine? In fact, there are many reasons for chromosomal abnormalities, and so far, medical research on this issue has not yet come to a very definite conclusion. However, most scholars believe that chromosomal abnormalities are related to endocrine disorders, especially in women of older childbearing age, which can easily lead to chromosomal abnormalities in the eggs. In addition, drug abuse, atmospheric pollution, dietary pollution, electromagnetic pollution, radioactive pollution, etc., are also common factors leading to chromosomal abnormalities.
In addition, there are chromosomal abnormalities that are invisible in one or both spouses, but are dominant when inherited to the fetus. In addition, parents-to-be are reminded that in case of miscarriage caused by chromosomal abnormality, the fetus is usually not preserved, and even if it is preserved, it will be a size-shaped child, so it is not advisable to blindly preserve the fetus and cause lifelong regret.
In order to achieve eugenics, it is especially important to have chromosomal examination during the newlywed medical examination. Through the examination can be timely detection of physical abnormalities, so as to effectively control the birth defects of newborns at source. If chromosomal abnormalities are caused by drugs, dietary pollution, electromagnetic wave pollution, etc., they can be avoided; if they are caused by endocrine abnormalities in men, a systematic examination should be conducted to find out the specific causes and provide targeted treatment.
Who needs to do chromosome examination?
Chromosome examination for habitual miscarriage
A homozygous translocation is a translocation between two chromosomes of the same number. This translocation causes 100% of the embryos formed after fertilization to be abnormal fetuses. Therefore, the only option for patients with homozygous chromosomal translocation is not to have children to avoid lifelong pain.
Habitual miscarriage is academically known as recurrent spontaneous abortion, which refers to more than two consecutive occurrences of fetal abortion or stillbirth in the same gestation period, and belongs to the category of infertility, which is a common outcome of many diseases affecting pregnancy, with an incidence of 1% of total pregnancies, but in recent years there is an increasing trend.
Among the embryos that are aborted early. 60-80% are caused by chromosomal abnormalities, and about 33% of miscarrying couples have chromosomal abnormalities.
The results of chromosome examination are commonly found as follows.
I. Chromosomal balance translocation.
Doctors divide the 23 pairs of human chromosomes into numbers 1-22 and XX or XY. In cytogenetic examination, chromosomal translocations between different sizes, forms, structures and functions are called balanced translocations. The average patient with a balanced translocation does not suffer from malformations or mental retardation, but the carrier can have either a normal child, a balanced translocation carrier, a malformed child or a stillborn child, each with a 1/4 chance, and at random, the latter two often resulting in miscarriage.
It is important to note that at least half of these miscarriages are caused by the husband. This is because half of the chromosomes of the fetus come from the mother and the other half from the father. Therefore, if the wife has a miscarriage, the husband must also get a chromosome test. This type of miscarriage is generally not recommended for birth control. When the pregnancy is 16-20 weeks, the pregnant woman will have the amniotic fluid chromosome examination, and if the fetus is found to be abnormal, she must be induced, otherwise, she will give birth to a deformed child with low intelligence.
Second, homozygous chromosome translocation.
Simply put, homozygous translocation is a translocation between two chromosomes of the same number. This translocation causes 100% of the embryos formed after fertilization to be abnormal fetuses. Therefore, the only choice for patients with homozygous chromosomal translocation is not to have children to avoid lifelong pain.
Third, chromosomal normal.
For those who have normal chromosomal examination, further relevant examination is needed. It should be noted that although both spouses have normal chromosomes, the fetus also has the possibility of chromosomal abnormalities, because many chromosomal abnormalities are caused by early embryonic mutations. Therefore, pregnant women should not blindly keep the fetus before having amniotic fluid chromosome test to avoid giving birth to inferior children.
How to detect abnormal chromosomes?
Many hereditary diseases are caused by not doing the test before pregnancy and only found out after the child is born, but it is already too late, causing unnecessary pain to parents and children. Modern medicine is so advanced that some hereditary diseases can be prevented by chromosome testing.
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells and are the main carriers of genetic information. There are 46 chromosomes in each human cell, which can be matched into 23 pairs. The first to 22 pairs are called autosomes, which are common to both men and women; the 23 pairs are sex chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are two X chromosomes in women and one X and Y in men. The chromosomes of the sperm and egg carry genes that record the inheritance passed from parents to children. But bad genes from parents are also passed on to the next generation as a result, and more than 4,000 genetic diseases are now known. Among them, male infertility can be known in advance by examination of chromosomes.