What are the clinical manifestations of arteriovenous malformations?

  AVM is a pathological mass of abnormal developmental cerebral blood vessels that is supplied by one or more arteries and drains directly into the veins without going through the capillary bed. AVMs can occur in any part of the brain and can vary in size from less than 1 cm in diameter to more than 10 cm in size. The most common symptom is intracranial hemorrhage, followed by epilepsy and headache.  1, intracranial hemorrhage, has the following characteristics: (1) about 50% of patients with ABM first symptom is hemorrhage, more common in young patients; (2) single arterial blood supply, small size, deep location, and posterior cranial fossa AVM hemorrhage is common; (3) hemorrhage is not related to gender, whether trauma; (4) women of childbearing age have an increased risk of bleeding in AVM during pregnancy.  (2) Epilepsy, with the following characteristics: (1) the younger the age, the more likely it appears, and frontotemporal AVMs are more common; (2) AVMs with larger volumes are more common than those with smaller volumes; (3) there is no correlation between seizures and the risk of bleeding; (4) early seizure medication can control symptoms, and eventually medication is ineffective.  3. headache, most patients have headache symptoms.  (4) Neurological deficits, mostly due to cerebral hemorrhage, with damage at the site of hemorrhage leading to corresponding neurological deficits.