Cysts (including liver cysts, kidney cysts, ovarian cysts and other simple cysts, etc.) are common and prevalent in clinical practice, with a thin cyst wall and a cyst filled with clarified fluid, rich in protein. The cyst wall is lined with epithelial cells and has a secretory function. The cysts can be progressively enlarged. Sclerotherapy with anhydrous ethanol causes protein coagulation and denaturation of epithelial cells in the cyst wall, producing aseptic inflammation and gradual loss of secretory function for therapeutic purposes. Early after treatment, the cystic cavity may reappear due to exudation of tissue fluid from the cyst wall, which is later absorbed and eventually the cystic cavity is closed by adhesions. Ultrasound-guided cystic anhydrous ethanol sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive technique that is easy to perform, less invasive, safe and practical, with faster recovery, no hospitalization and low cost, and is a better method for treating this type of disease, which is trusted by patients.