The key issue in anesthesia is to guarantee pain-free and safe perioperative period for patients. This includes surgical safety and security in case of surgical trauma and bleeding. Various types of monitoring devices not only provide perfect monitoring of patients’ vital signs, but also allow monitoring of the depth of anesthesia. Therefore, anesthesiologists are known as “the guardians of life under the shadowless lamp”. The work of anesthesiologists is also subject to strict requirements: they must concentrate! Intravenous anesthesia After induction of intravenous anesthesia, multiple short-acting intravenous anesthetics are used in combination to maintain anesthesia by intermittent or continuous intravenous injection. Anesthesia completed with only intravenous anesthetic drugs is called total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). It is suitable for short surgeries without muscle relaxation requirements and can preserve voluntary breathing. General anesthesia is the medical term for general anesthesia. General anesthesia is a state in which anesthetic drugs are inhaled from the airway or injected intravenously, and reversible loss of consciousness and loss of pain sensation occurs. A tracheal tube or laryngeal mask needs to be inserted and mechanical ventilation is given. Arousal from general anesthesia is a state in which the patient is conscious and able to wake up. Because of the effect of some residual drugs, the patient may also have drowsiness after awakening, which is normal. Clinical experience proves that general anesthesia does not affect the human body, and the current technology is very safe. Post-operative precautions: 1. Sleep flat with pillow removed and monitored with oxygen. After awakening, adjust the sleeping position according to the type of surgery, with the head slightly to one side to prevent post-operative vomiting, and pay attention to the patient’s breathing, skin color and pulse. 2.Generally get out of bed as early as possible after surgery and move slowly to promote body recovery. Long-term bedridden patients should avoid lung diseases and muscle atrophy of lower limbs, and should pat the back and massage for patients with hollow palms. Intraspinal anesthesia Includes lumbar anesthesia and epidural anesthesia, which is applicable to anesthesia for thoracic and abdominal as well as lower limb surgery. The surgeon needs to puncture the spinal space behind the patient and requires the patient’s cooperation. Postoperative lumbar anesthesia generally requires six hours of lying flat with the pillow removed. Postoperative analgesia is a response of the organism after being stimulated by surgical injury (tissue damage), including a series of physiological, psychological and behavioral reactions. In clinical work, pain has become the 5th vital sign after the 4 major vital signs of body temperature, pulse, whistle and blood pressure, and has received increasing attention. The clinical significance of postoperative analgesia: 1. Eliminate or reduce patient pain and discomfort. 2.Reduce the anxiety, fear and insomnia brought by pain, and help recovery. 3.Reduce various complications, such as pulmonary complications, cardiovascular accidents, etc. 4.It is possible to reduce the occurrence of certain chronic pain. Vision of anesthesia discipline: Now we carry out various routine inpatient surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia, outpatient painless gastroscopy, painless oral cavity, painless abortion, painless plastic surgery, etc. Any anesthesia method has indications and complications, and the anesthesiologists are willing to choose the best anesthesia and post-operative analgesia plan for you, so that you can enjoy comfortable medical services. With the development of science and technology, we will achieve more precise control of surgical anesthesia (timed wakefulness), pleasant recovery of patients after surgery (no pain and no side effects) will become a reality, and various pains in the hospital will be well controlled to truly develop into a pain-free hospital. The department of anesthesia will also develop into the department of anesthesia and perioperative medicine.