Postoperative lumbar spine pain is commonly seen in the following conditions Postoperative lumbar pain Postoperative lumbar pain caused by surgical exposure and incision generally disappears basically after one week. If lumbar pain worsens, it can be classified as follows: (1) Pain on one or both sides of the waist without leg pain, or leg pain not exceeding the knee joint. On examination, there is often a pressure point at a distance of 2 finger width next to the median line of the spinous process above the self-conscious pain. This condition may be a posterior spinal nerve branch syndrome caused by biomechanical changes in the lumbar spine. Zhujiang Hospital first proposed the theory of spinal nerve syndrome at the end of last century and used the method of freezing the posterior branch of spinal nerve to treat this kind of low back pain, which won the third prize of national scientific and technological progress. (2) Low back pain accompanied by fever. This kind of low back pain mostly occurs 7-14 days after surgery, accompanied by fever and chills, high blood count and fast blood sedimentation can be seen in laboratory tests. Most of them are caused by infection. Antibiotics alone are often not curative and require reoperative flushing of the intervertebral space, placement of a drainage tube, and combined antibiotics. It is usually cured in 3 weeks. Chen Zhong, Zhujiang Hospital Orthopedic Center, Southern Medical University 2 . Postoperative back pain accompanied by leg pain has the following possible causes (1) Displacement of the nucleus pulposus or internal fixation material After routine surgery, premature dismounting or actions that sharply increase abdominal pressure such as sneezing or violent coughing often lead to dislocation of the residual nucleus pulposus in the intervertebral disc or internal fixation material that is not very firmly fixed due to osteoporosis and other reasons. Re-operation is often required. (2) Postoperative hematoma formation Most often occurs within 24 hours after surgery. It can be caused by abnormal coagulation mechanism, incomplete intraoperative hemostasis and poor drainage. If there are neurological symptoms, the hypocoagulable state should be actively corrected and the hematoma should be surgically removed again if necessary. (3) Postoperative scar adhesions Often occur after 3 weeks postoperatively and are a gradual aggravation of symptoms. It can be prevented by anti-adhesion agent. 3. Postoperative pain near the wound accompanied by lower limb numbness Wound pain can often be resolved by closure, posterior spinal nerve branch block, and ultrasound treatment of the incisional scar. Possible reasons for lower limb numbness are: (1) The original disc herniation is more serious and has a longer course, resulting in irreversible damage to some nerve fibers, which cannot be fully recovered even if the surgery is successful. (2) With diabetes, vasculitis and other diseases that damage blood vessels, the blood supply to the nerve is already poor, and with certain vascular damage caused by surgery, often the numbness will worsen in the recent postoperative period, and recovery is very slow. Treatment of the primary disease is needed along with strengthening local microcirculation and neurotrophic treatment. (3) Incomplete decompression and postoperative hematoma or scar formation are also often the causes of residual numbness and pain. Intraspinal angiography and MR and CT examinations can be performed to identify them. Re-operation requires a different approach depending on the specific circumstances of the compression. Anterior compression is preferred to foraminoscopic decompression, which bypasses the large amount of scar tissue posteriorly and decompresses the point of compression directly. Because of its difficulty, it requires the surgeon to have experience in open revision surgery and skilled manipulation of the scope. If posterior open surgery is chosen for decompression without foraminoscopic techniques and equipment, patient peeling and release of the scar based on the inferior vertebral articular eminence and pedicle is required to minimize harassment of the blood flow. In the absence of depression, diabetes mellitus, or vasculitis, the surgical results tend to become apparent gradually within 2-8 months.